284 
Dr. Young's formula for expressing 
which is equal to the expectation of life, and which, in 
Demoivre's arithmetical hypothesis, is the mean age of all the 
population, and probably very near it in all tables formed 
from actual observation. In this manner a general comparison 
of the most remarkable tables may be instituted. 
Characteristics of Mortality. 
Annual 
mortality 
one in 
Mean full term 
of life. 
Mean age. 
47.67 
74 (+ disc 1 ) 
26 (+ disc 1 ) 
94.17 
32.5 
33 - 5 ° 
87.15 
28.1 
37.61 
83.42 
27.25 
( 43 -o) 
87.50 
29.32 
19.2 
82.30 
25.7 
33 -o 
85.30 
28.67 
25.18 
87-39 
28.86 
36.12 
91.86 
31-3 
28.76 
[50-16 
86.96 
29.0 
93-25 
32.0 
55-5 
100.7 
34-6 
90.0 
29.65 
37 -H ■ 
49 
95-47 
32.6 
Roman estimate of Ulpian, probably with 
some deduction for present value 
Deparcieux’s Tontines, beginning 1689 
Halley’s table for Breslau, 1690 
Tontine of 1695, Finlaison, males 
females 
Simpson’s table for London, about 1730 
Dupre, in Buffon, about 1750 
Northampton tables, about 1760 
Swedish tables, about 1785 
France, before the Revolution, Duvillard 
Finlaison’s tontine and annuitants, about 1800, 
males 
females 
Finlaison’s Chelsea Pensioners 
Carlisle tables, about 1810, Milne 
Returns for all England, 1 8 1 1 
The order of the mortalities expressed by the first column 
of this table, is, Simpson, Northampton, France, Dupre', 
Halley, Sweden, Carlisle, tontine 1695 males, females, 
Deparcieux, returns of 1811, tontines of 1800, males, and 
females ; the order of the second column is Simpson, tontine 
of 1695, males, Dupre', France, Halley, Northampton, 
females 1695, pensioners, Sweden, tontines of 1800, males, 
Carlisle, females of 1800 : but besides this difference in the 
order, the disproportion exhibited in this column is less 
enormous than in the former ; the numbers of the Carlisle 
