416 DR. A. FARRE ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE CILIOBRACHIATE POLYPI. 
separate from the parent at an early period, and must undergo metamorphosis before 
arriving at maturity. This process of reproduction is entitled to be called gemmuli- 
parous as contradistinguished from the gemmiparous mode. 
The gemmiparous mode is precisely similar to that which takes place in the free 
Hydra. The resemblance is nearest when there is no connecting stem, as in Mem- 
branipora, Cellarict, &c. Here the gemmae sprout apparently only from the cells, but 
doubtless also in connection with the parts of the body by which they are lined. When 
a stem is present the gemmae do not arise from the cells, but always from this, which 
is but an extension of the reproductive surface. In either case the buds are at first 
homogeneous throughout, and their separation into cell, parietes, and alimentary 
canal, is a subsequent process of growth. 
With regard to the mode by ciliated gemmules, it would be important to ascertain 
the origin and exact condition of these previous to their separation; and also to de- 
termine whether they have any relation with the brown bodies so frequently observed 
in the visceral cavity. These latter I found sometimes, after being kept several 
days, converted into mere cysts full of living animalcules, which however bore no re- 
semblance to the mature gemmules. 
Quitting, then, at this stage of the inquiry the further consideration of this type of 
structure, it will follow next in order to show what position it will hold with reference 
to other portions of the animal kingdom ; and for this purpose it will be necessary 
to consider the relative value of its different characters. 
In the absence of a knowledge of the condition of the nervous system, the cha- 
racters, at once the most obvious and important, are derived from the apparatus for 
entrapping and digesting the prey ; and the structure of the tentacula, and the form 
% 
of the alimentary canal, will of themselves be sufficient to constitute the distinguish- 
ing features of this type, connected too as the former appear to be with the very im- 
portant process of respiration. Indeed the combination of ciliated tentacula with a 
free alimentary canal, having two external openings, appears so uniform, that the pre- 
sence of the one being determined, the structure of the other, and indeed more or less 
of the entire animal, may be fairly inferred. 
With this view of the subject I propose for this class the name Ciliohrachiata, a 
name which, by seizing one of the most prominent features, will serve at once to di- 
stinguish those animals, to which it is applicable from all inferior types. 
The Ciliohrachiata, therefore, will comprehend the fourth family of Polypes of 
Milne Edwards, the Bryozoa of Ehrenberg, and the Polyzoa of Thompson ; and in 
applying a new name to a group of animals previously, but imperfectly, indicated by 
others, I do so with a wish to stamp upon it those distinguishing features which it 
has been my object in the present essay to point out, and in preference to adopting 
others which, as expressive of characters common to it with inferior types, might only 
tend to carry on the errors that have given rise to so much confusion with regard to 
the subject. 
