22 
TRANSFORMATIONS OF INSECTS. 
inferior labrum. The curved appendages to the maxillae and the 
lower labrum are palpi. Now in caterpillars the upper lip is well 
grown, and there are two strong mandibles working from without 
inwards, two jaws, and a lower lip. There is thus the clearest 
resemblance between the mouth of the grasshopper, when it is a 
anatomy OF the mouth of Locusta viridissima. 
i. The labrum or upper lip. 2. Mandibles. 3. Jaws. 4. The lower labrum. 
5. Tongue. 
perfect insect, and that of the immature caterpillar. Let meta- 
morphosis go on, and the browsing caterpillar becomes a sucking 
butterfly; though at first, no one would think there was the slightest 
connection between the early and the late condition of the mouth. 
A slender trunk and two scale-like feelers, or palpi, below it are 
the only apparent structures of the butterfly’s mouth. But a 
careful examination reveals the fact that the three pairs of mouth 
