THE PIERIDL 
8l 
cornice, or a safe projection under which they may turn into 
chrysalides, and rest in safety until the spring-time of the next 
year. Myriads of them are killed by remorseless market gar- 
deners, and devoured by birds ; but were it not for a little 
ichneumon fly ( Microgaster glomerator ) the existence of cabbages 
would indeed be imperilled. 
The caterpillars change their skin several times during their 
growth, and finally hang themselves up by the tail, and sling 
a silken girdle round their body before undergoing the meta- 
morphosis into the chrysalis. 
Some small Piendi , whose delicate wings are ordinarily varie- 
gated with green colours, form the genus A nthocharis. This name 
indicates the grace and exquisite beauty of the little butterflies 
that rival the flowers they roam over in symmetry. The orange- 
tip Anthocharis cardamines , so common in the spring of the year 
in wood-side lanes, quite deserves its title, and it is the male 
whose fore wings are marked with an orange spot. In the centre 
of France, and in Southern Europe, there is another Anthocharis , 
whose males have perfectly yellow wings. But so far as colouring 
is concerned, there are some remarkable facts in reference to some 
species of the genus which have white tints on the upper surface 
of the wings in both sexes. The AntkocJiaris belia of the centre 
of France sometimes wanders close to Paris, and is found in 
Southern Europe and in North Africa. There are two gene- 
rations of it every year. The first butterflies escape from 
the chrysalis state in the months of March and April, having 
been in that condition all the winter. Their hinder wings are 
of a delicate yellow green below or on their under surfaces, 
and are ornamented with spots of the purest nacreous white. 
These butterflies produce a new generation, whose adults appear 
at the end of June or to the beginning of August. These are 
larger than the first, and their wings are marked with a dull 
white. 
This interesting variation in the colouring of the same 
species at different times of the year is seen also in one of 
the Vanessce ( Vanessa prorsa), whose successive generations are 
so different that separate names have been given them. The 
butterflies of this species, which are common in France, are 
