THE CHALCOPHOR/E. 
323 
the dense elytra. The larvae live in the trunks of trees and in 
woody tissues, twigs, and stems, and they are somewhat remark- 
able. They are white insects, without legs, or having only vestiges 
of them, in the form of tubercles ; they have a retractile head, the 
front part of which alone is thick and leathery, but the prothoracic 
segment is very large and broad, and is clothed with a coriaceous 
plate that is either granulated or tuberculated. This arrangement 
enables the larvae to use much force and tearing power when they 
are perforating trees, to which they do, in the tropics, a great 
deal of harm. Fortunately, however, our trees do not suffer from 
them. 
The beetles of the genus Chalcophora are amongst the largest of 
Chalcophora Mariana. 
the family; and the species Mariana , whose metamorphoses are 
illustrated in the engraving on page 324, is a prettily-sculptured 
and bronzed beetle, which is common in the pine forests of the 
south of France, Italy, and Germany. Its larva hollows out large 
galleries and holes in the trunks of the trees. 
In the same engraving the larva which has done part of this mis- 
chief is shown in its gallery, and its small head and enormously 
developed first thoracic segment may be noticed, the rest of the 
body being rather slender. It undergoes the metamorphoses in 
one of the galleries, and in one of them a pupa may be observed, 
whose structures foreshadow those of the adult form very distinctly. 
The Longicorn Beetles, or the Goat Beetles, as they are 
sometimes called, on account of their long, cylindrical antennae, 
V 2 
m 
