THE FISHES OF PORTO RIOO, 
83 
Clupea macrocephala Lacepede, Hist, Nat. Poiss., V, 426, 1803, Martinique; on a drawing by Plumier. 
Glossodus forskali Agassiz, Spix, Pise. Bras., 49, 1829, Bahia; called Engraulis serious and Engraulis bahiensis on the 
plates, 22 and 24. 
Albula parrx Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIX, 339, 1846, Martinique; Bahia; Rio de Janeiro. 
Albula goreensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat, Poiss., XIX, 342, 1846, Gorea. 
Albula neoguinaica Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1. c., XIX, 350, 1846, New Guinea. 
Albula seminuda Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1. c., XIX, 351, 1846, New Guinea. 
Albula erythrocheilos Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1. c., XIX, 352, pi. 540, 1846, Friendly Islands. 
Albula for steri Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1. c., XIX, 354, 1846, Tahiti. 
Albula rostrata Gronow, Cat. Fishes, 189, 1854, American Ocean, etc. 
Albula vulpes, Jordan & Evermann, 1. c., 411, 1896. 
Family XVII. CLUPEID£. The Herrings. 
Body oblong or elongate, more or less compressed, covered with cycloid or pectinated scales. 
Belly sometimes rounded, sometimes compressed, in which case it is often armed with bony serratures. 
Head naked, usually compressed. Mouth rather large, terminal, jaws about equal, the maxillaries 
forming the lateral margins of upper jaw, each composed of about three pieces. Premaxillaries not 
protractile; teeth mostly small, often feeble or wanting, variously arranged. Adipose eyelid present or 
absent. Gillrakers long and slender; gill-membranes not connected, free from isthmus. No gular 
plate. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. Branchiostegals usually few (6 to 15). Posterior lower part 
of opercular region often with an angular emargination, the tips of larger branchiostegals abruptly 
truncate. Pseudobranchise present. No lateral line. Dorsal fin median or somewhat posterior, rarely 
wanting. No adipose fin. Ventrals moderate or small. Anal usually rather long; caudal fin forked. 
Vertebrae 40 to 56. 
The Clupeidx comprise about 30 genera and 150 species, inhabiting all seas, usually swimming in 
immense schools; many species ascend fresh waters, and some remain there permanently. The 
northern and fresh-water species, as in many other families, differ from the tropical forms in having a 
larger number of vertebral segments. 
a. Belly rounded, covered with ordinary scales; supplemental bones of maxillary very narrow; anal fin short. 
b. Ventral small; teeth small, persistent, on jaws, vomer, palatines, pterygoids, and tongue. 
c. Scales of breast not forming a corselet. 
d. Species very small, with teeth minute; a silvery lateral band; dorsal short, of 11 to 16 rays; ventrals inserted nearly 
under its front Jenkinsia, 22 
dd. Species of moderate size, with moderate teeth; no silvery lateral band; dorsal long, of 18 to 20 developed rays; 
ventrals inserted much behind dorsal, much nearer base of caudal than tip of snout Etrumeus 
aa. Belly compressed, armed with bony serrse; supplemental bones of maxillary broad. 
e. Anal fin moderate, of 15 to 25 rays; dorsal inserted nearly opposite ventrals. 
/. Scales with their posterior margins entire and rounded; intestinal canal of moderate length. 
g. Last ray of dorsal not produced. 
h. Vertebrae about 50 in number (46 to 56); species of northern regions. 
i. Vomer with teeth; ventral scutes weak, ventrals below middle of dorsal; vertebrae 50 to 56 Clotea 
ii. Vomer without teeth. 
j. Ventral scutes very weak, belly more or less rounded; vertebrae about 52; ventrals under middle of dorsal. 
Clupanodon, 23 
lih. Vertebrae about 42 (40 to 44) ; tropical species with scales large and usually firmly attached; ventrals inserted under 
middle of dorsal; adipose eyelid obsolete Sardinella, 24 
gg. Last ray of dorsal produced in a long filament; scales large, not firmly attached; otherwise essentially as in Sardi- 
nella Opisthonema, 25 
ff. Scales with their posterior margins vertical, and pectinate or fluted; head very large; no teeth; intestines elongate; 
herbivorous Brevoortia 
Pristigasterinie: 
ce. Anal fin very long, of more than 30 rays; dorsal fin inserted behind ventrals. 
k. Teeth not all villiform; both jaws with strong canines; ventrals present, very small Chirocentrodon 
kk. Teeth all villiform; no canines; ventral fins present Ilisha, 26 
Genus 22. JENKINSIA Jordan & Evermann. 
Very small species, closely allied to Etrumeus, blit with minute teeth and a silvery lateral hand; 
dorsal with fewer than 18 rays; ventrals inserted below or just behind it. Two of the three known 
species are found in Porto Rico. 
a. Dorsal inserted midway between snout and base of caudal; dorsal rays 14; anal 15 lamprotxnia , 27 
aa. Dorsal inserted nearer snout than base of caudal ; dorsal rays 11 ; anal 17 stolifera, 28 
