THE FISHES OF PORTO RICO. 
85 
Genus 24. SARDINELLA Cuvier & Valenciennes. Scaled Sardines. 
Small herrings of the tropic:!] seas, with the vertebra in reduced number, about 40 to 44; scales 
lax-ge, usually firm and adherent, often crossed by vertical striae. Ventral scutes strong, 25 to 35 in 
number. Adipose eyelid obsolete. Lower jaw projecting; upper jaw somewhat emarginate; teeth 
weak. Ventrals inserted behind front of dorsal. Body compressed; cheek not deep; gillrakers long 
and numerous; otherwise essentially as in Pomolobus. 
The genus Sardinella, as here understood, covers a wide diversity of forms and may be divisible 
into several genera when the anatomy of the species is better known. 
a. Side of body without distinct silvery lateral band; month moderate, teeth very small, but permanent over most of 
bones of mouth; scales large and usually firm. 
Sardinella: 
6. Ventral scutes 33 to 35. 
c. Body slender, depth about 4.5 in length; a black opercular spot anchovia 
cc. Body rather deep, depth about 3.5 in length; no black opercular spot clupeola 
bb. Species imperfectly described. 
d. Snout and chin black apicalis 
dd. Snout and chin not black; a black humeral spot; side with dark streaks bishopi 
Harengula: 
666. Ventral scutes 25 to 28; body short and deep, compressed, scales usually with vertical striae. 
e. Scales not very firm and little adherent, so that many are lost in preserved examples; each scale with four vertical 
wavy striae; ventral scutes about 15 + 10; depth 3.4 in length; eye 2.5 in head; no humeral spot sardina 
ee. Scales firm and closely adherent so that few, if any, are lost in preserved examples; usually a humeral spot. 
/. Body moderately elongate, ventral outline not strongly arched; depth 3.33 to 3.4 in length. 
g. Head long, 3.43 in length; eye 2.66 in head macrophthalma, 30 
ff. Body deep, ventral outline arched, forming an even curve from snout to vent; depth 2.75 to 3; eye 2.66 in 
head humeralis, 31 
aa. Side with a very distinct lateral silvery band; scales very firm, without vertical striae; month very small, almost 
vertical; teeth small, none on vomer; tip of snout, chin, and upper tins dusky stolifera 
30. Sardinella macrophthalma (Ranzani). “Sardina.” 
Head 3.5; depth 3.4; eye 3; snout 3.4; maxillary 2.1; mandible 1.9; interorbital 4.1; D. 16; 
A. 17; pectoral 1.5; ventral 2.5; caudal 1.1; scales 40-10; scutes about 28. 
Close to S. humeralis but differing in shape, chiefly in greater slenderness of body; the ventral 
outline is not so strongly arched, head not quite so heavy and more pointed, and in spirits the outlines 
of scales are less distinct. Humeral spot said (Jordan & Evermann) to be usually evident but some- 
times wanting. In all our specimens it is absent, A dark, rather indistinct, longitudinal stripe from 
humeral region to base of upper lobe of caudal separated from the dark of the back by a pale stripe. 
Otherwise as in S. humeralis, with which it is taken. 
West Indies, Cuba to Brazil ; not common. Nine examples, 2.5 to 6 inches, from Saix Juan, Puerto 
Real, Culebra, and Fajardo. 
Clupea macrophthalma Ranzani, Nov. Comm. Ac. Sci. Bonon., V, 320, 1842, Brazil. 
Harengula maculosa Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XX, 292, 1847, Martinique. 
Harengula jaguana Poey, Repertorio, 1, 169, 1866, Jagua, near Cienfuegos, Cuba. 
Sardinella macrophthalmus, Jordan & Evermann, 1. c., 430, 1896. 
31. Sardinella humeralis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). “Sardina”; Sardina Escamuda; While-hill. 
Head 3.5; depth 3; eye 2.7; snout3.4; maxillary 2; mandible 2; interorbital 4.3; D. 16; A. 17 or 
18; pectoral 1.4; ventral 2.2; caudal 1.2; scales 40-10; scutes 27 to 30. Resembling Opisthonema, but 
without the produced ray in dorsal, and with heavier head, larger eye and scales; fine teeth on jaws, 
palatines, and tongue; eye with a thin adipose eyelid; scales large, firm, with vertical stria:. 
Blue above, silvery below; a dusky humeral spot; some golden on opercle behind eye; chin and 
snout dusky. 
Very common and much used as food; captured extensively with the cast-net. Eiglxty-nine 
examples, 3 to 5.5 inches, collected at San Juan, Palo Seco, Mayaguez, Puerto Real, Boqueron, Arroyo, 
Hucares, and Culebi'a; one from San Geronixno. 
Harengula humeralis Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., XX, 293, 1847, Rio Janeiro; Bahia; Guadeloupe; Santo Domingo. 
Alausa striata Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XX, 429, 1847, Guadeloupe; Bahia. 
Harengula pensacolx Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. N. M. 1879 (Nov. 5) , 152, Pensacola, Fla. 
Sardinella humeralis , Jordan & Evermann, 1. c., 431, 1896. 
