THE FISHES OF PORTO RIOO. 
91 
Silvery on sides, the back darker, no lateral band. 
Known only from Cuba, Jamaica, and Porto Rico. One of the larger anchovies; rather common; 
16 specimens of about 6 inches, from Palo Seco and Ponce. 
Engraulis productus Poey, Repertorio, I, 380, 1866, Cuba. 
Stolephorus product us, Jordan & Evermann, l.c., 447, 1896. 
Family XIX. SYNODONTID^®. The Lizard-fishes. 
Body oblong or elongate, little compressed, covered with cycloid scales, rarely naked. Mouth 
very wide, the entire margin of the upper jaw formed by the long and slender premaxillaries, closely 
adherent to which are the slender maxillaries, the latter mostly rudimental or obsolete, never widened 
at tip. Teeth mostly cardiform on both jaws, tongue, and palatines; canines rarely present; large 
teeth usually depressible. No barbels. Opercular bones usually thin, but complete. Gill-membranes 
separate, free from the isthmus. Branchiostegals usually numerous. Pseudobranchiae present. Gill- 
rakers tubercular or obsolete. Lateral line present. Adipose fin present, rarely obsolete; dorsal fin 
short, of soft rays only; pectorals and ventrals present; anal fin moderate or long; caudal forked. 
Skeleton rather well ossified. Air-bladder small or wanting. Intestinal canal short. Sides some- 
times with phosphorescent spots or photophores. Eggs inclosed in the sacs of the ovary and extruded 
through an oviduct. 
Genera about 10; species about 40, mostly inhabiting shore waters, some of them descending to 
the depths. 
• a. Scales present, more or less adherent. 
b. Teeth of premaxillary simple, compressed, not barbed, in one or two rows; a broad band of similar teeth on palate, 
e. Vent about midway between base of caudal and axil of pectoral; head short, blunt, compressed. 
Trachinocephalus, 28 
cc. Vent much nearer base of caudal than axil of pectoral; head depressed, with flat triangular snout ... Synodus, 29 
bb. Teeth of premaxillary in a very broad band, curved, unequal, and barbed at the end; a similar band on palatines. 
Bathysaurus 
an. Scales very caducous or wanting; teeth in narrow bands; vent posterior Bath yi.aco 
Genus 28. TRACHINOCEPHALUS Gill. 
This genus is closely related to Synodus, from which it differs chiefly in form and in the relative 
development of the fins. Body stout, head short, blunt, and compressed. Vent well formed, about 
midway between base of caudal and axil of pectoral, under tip of last dorsal ray. Teeth as in Synodus, 
but slender, smaller, and closely set. Lower jaw projecting. 
Species few; shore fishes, widely diffused in tropical seas. 
42. Trachinocephalus myops (Forster). Ground Spearing; Lagarto. 
Head 3.4; depth 5; eye 6.4; maxillary 1.8; mandible 1.5; interorbital 10; D. 12; A. 14; pectoral 2.6; 
ventral 1.1; caudal 1.6; scales 4-58-7. Vertebrae 58; caeca 25. Snout very short, shorter than eye 
lower jaw very slightly projecting; top of head scaleless, very rough; interorbital space with an abrupt 
longitudinal depression. Pectoral very short, ventrals long, reaching vent. 
Color in spirits: Very light brown; 3 or 4 rather faint longitudinal lines above lateral line, these 
demarcating color stripes in life; traces of longitudinal dark lines below lateral line; back with 6 or 8 
obscure dark vertical bars, barely crossing lateral line; an oblong dark-brown scapular blotch ; a dark- 
brown band from eye across lower jaw; fins nearly plain. 
One specimen, 7 inches long, from San Geronimo, collected by Mr. Geo. M. Gray. 
Salmo myops Forster MS., Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 421, 1801, St. Helena. 
Osmerus lemniscatus LacOpOde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 236, 1803, Martinique; after Plunder. 
Saurus truncatus Agassiz, Pise. Brasil., 82, 1829, Brazil. 
f Salmo trachinus Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poissons, 231, 1842, Japan; the East Indian, Chinese, and Japanese 
form, Trachinocephalus limbatus, is little if at all different from T. myops. 
Saurus brevircslris Poey, Memorias, II, 305, 1861, Cuba; erroneously stated to have 10 rays. 
Trachinocephalus myops, Jordan & Evermann, 1. c., 533, 1896. 
