96 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
of fins, anal fin in the male normal. Intestinal canal short. First superior pharyngeal without teeth, 
second with teeth; third and fourth coossified, with teeth. 
Species very numerous, mostly American, inhabiting fresh waters and arms of the sea. They are 
the largest in size of the cyprinodonts, and some of them are very brightly colored. They are oviparous 
and feed chiefly on animals. Some of them are. bottom fishes, burying themselves in the mud of 
estuaries; others swim freely in river channels and bays; still others are “top minnows,” surface 
swimmers, feeding on floating insects in swamps and streams. 
a. Species with dorsal fin moderate or rather large, of It to IV rays, its insertion above or usually in front of inser- 
tion of first ray of anal; scales large or small. Free-swimming species, not feeding at the surface, some of 
them often burying themselves in the mud of bottoms in shallow water. 
b. Dorsal fin inserted before origin of anal; branehiostegals 5 or 6. 
Funbui.us: 
c. Scales large, 31 to 38 in a lengthwise series. 
d. Scales in lateral line 31 to 34, 10 to 12 in a cross series; body rather elongate, depth 4 to 4.5 in length; dorsal rays 
usually 12. 
e. Body without crossbands; each scale above, and especially posteriorly, with a vertical purplish spot in the center; 
dorsal with series of blackish dots; anal rays 13 punctalus 
ee. Body with crossbands light or dark, probably in both sexes; anal rays 9 to 11. 
/. Snout shortish, shorter than eye; a black spot on back before dorsal; head bluntish, 3.5 in length pallidas 
//. Snout very long, 1.5 times length of eye in adult; no black spot before dorsal; male with an ocellated dorsal spot; 
head pointed and elongate, 3.33 in body; branehiostegals 6 similis 
dd. Scales in lateral line 35 to 38. 
g. Anal rays 10 to 12. 
h. Female with two or three black horizontal stripes; male with about 12 dark crossbars and a dorsal ocellus; head 
long; 3.75 in length; branehiostegals 6 majalis 
hli. Female plain or with dark crossbands only; no black horizontal stripes. 
i. Dorsal rays 10 or 11. 
j. Color greenish; both sexes usually with dusky or silvery crossbars and pearly spots, at least on the fins of the male; 
dorsal sometimes with an ocellus; scales 35 or 36. 
k. Form robust, the depth 3.66 in length; head 3.66; dorsal ocellus faint or wanting; males with many pearly spots; 
females nearly plain hcteroclitus 
kk. Form rather slender, the depth 4 in length; head 3.25; dorsal ocellus on female very conspicuous; pearly spots fewer; 
female banded or spotted ocellaris 
jj. Color greenish; in spirits without bands or spots; body deep; tail slender; fins small fonticola, 46 
it. Dorsal rays 12 to 14; olivaceous, with about 15 dark crossbands bermudx 
gg. Anal rays 16 or 17; dorsal rays 13 or 14; upper lip thick; scales 38-15 or 16. 
l. Form robust, the depth in adult about 3 in length; color uniform pale-brown; fins unspotted robusms 
ll. Form rather slender, the depth 4.5 in length; color uniform-brown, or slightly mottled on tail; fins unspotted; the 
anal of male black at base, yellow distally labialis 
cc. Scales comparatively small, 44 to 48 in lateral line; dorsal fin of 13 to 15 rays; anal rays 11 to 14 adinia 
bb. Dorsal fin inserted over or slightly behind front of anal fin; branehiostegals 4 or 5; bright-colored species with 
orange or brown spots, inhabiting mountain springs and brooks; scales about 35, 24 before dorsal; body with 
about 15 well-marked black crossbands, as in Fundulus similis or F. cingulatus, between which this species seems 
to find its place; fins plain. D. 9 or 10; A. 9 funduloides 
Zygonectes: 
aa. Species with dorsal fin small, of 7 to 11 rays, its insertion distinctly behind front of anal fin; small species with 
large scales (29 to 40) ; surface swimmers, “top minnows,” seeking insects at the surface of water. 
to. Anal rays 14; dorsal rays 8; scales 31-8; depth 5 in length; olive, the body plain; dorsal and anal with dark cross- 
bands; base of caudal with round pale spots dovii 
mm. Anal rays 8 to 13. 
n. General coloration olivaceous, either plain or with pearly or orange spots paler than ground-color, or blackish spots 
not forming distinct series; no sharply defined black crossbars or longitudinal black stripes. 
o. - Anal rays 12 or 13; body slender, depth 4 to 5 in length jenkinsi 
oo. Anal rays 8 to 11; scales rather large, about 33 to 35-10; depth about 4 in length; anal rays 8 to 11; head 3.25 to 3.5 
in length pulvereus 
nn. General coloration olivaceous, with a single black lateral stripe from head to tail ; body stout, depth 3.33 in length; 
sides silvery, with black lateral shade above silvery part. D. 11; A. 11; scales 31-10 melapleurus 
46. Fundulus fonticola Cuvier & Valenciennes. 
D. 11; A. 12; B. 5; scales 37. Body plump, with long caudal peduncle. Head broad, little 
depressed; tail slenderer and body deeper than in Fundulus heteroclitus; dorsal inserted in front of 
anal; dorsal and caudal small and rounded, anal high and pointed, paired fins short. Teeth in broad 
bands, outer little enlarged. Uniform green, apparently without spots or band in spirits. (Color 
entirely lost in the original type.) Length 2 inches. 
