THE FISHES OF PORTO RICO. 
121 
with some light-yellow on membrane and red on middle of rays; pectoral chiefly yellow, with red on 
rays; ventral pale-blue with streaks of red and yellow on first rays; anal pale-reddish, nearly pale; 
caudal pale-blue, lower base yellow, upper reddish and yellow; barbels pink near base, yellow out- 
wardly ; lips and throat pinkish. In spirits the specimens become pale below and on sides, dark above, 
the bright colors fading quickly; the red blotches along lateral line become dark, sometimes entirely 
fading. In young individuals some color occasionally persists in spirits, becoming pink. 
This species is found at Key West and the Tortugas, through the West Indies to Brazil; in the 
West Indies it is known from Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico, and Martinique. It occurs in abundance in 
Porto Rico, where it is extensively used as food and considerably esteemed. Tt is one of the most 
common species that one sees carried about the streets by the local fishermen. Fifty-one individuals, 
from 2.25 to 9.5 inches long, collected at nearly every collecting station; also from San Geronimo. 
Mullus maculatus Bloch, Ichthyologia, 348, 1793, Brazil. 
Upeneus punetatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 482, 1829, Martinique. 
Upeneus maculatus, Jordan & Evermann, 1. c.,858, 1896. 
77. Upeneus parvus Poey. 
D. vii-i, 8; A. n, 6; scales 2.5-40-6. Snout short and decurved; maxillary reaching front of eye; 
barbels reaching angle of preopercle, on jaws only. Teeth conical, very small, on anterior part of jaws 
in two series; lateral teeth in a single series; all of the teeth obtusely conic and distinct from each other. 
Vermilion above, fading into white below; a yellow longitudinal band along side, with similar narrower 
streaks below; ventrals and anal yellow; other fins whitish, with dusky crossbands, 3 on first dorsal, 
2 on second, and 5 on each caudal lobe. Known only from the type, which was obtained by Poey in 
Cuba, and from a specimen recorded from Porto Rico by Dr. Stahl. 
Upeneus parvus Poey, Memorias, I, 226, 1851, Cuba. 
Upeneoides parvus Stahl, 1. c., 76 and 162, 1888. 
78. Upeneus martinicus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Yellow Goat-fish; Salmonete Amarilla. 
(Plate 6.) 
Head 3.3; depth 4; eye 3.45; snout 2.35; maxillary 3.1; mandible 2.6; interorbital 3.15; preorbital 
6; D. viii-i, 8; A. ii, 6; pectoral 1.6; ventral 1.4; caudal 1.1; scales 2-37-6. Resembling U. maculatus in 
form, but with slightly larger eye, smaller scales, and weaker dentition arranged in more than one series. 
Color in life: Body with shades of pale-blue and pink or pale-red, the latter chiefly above, the 
blue below; a straight yellow band from eye to base of upper caudal rays; a black vertical bar at base 
of caudal; head with yellow streaks and reddish patches; pectorals red, ventrals, anal, and caudal 
reddish near base, outer part yellow; dorsals yellow, plainest near tips. In spirits the colors fade, 
becoming dark above, pale below, fins all pale. 
This species reaches the length of a foot. It is found in the West Indies north to Florida, and is 
known from Key West, Jamaica, Cuba, Martinique, and Porto Rico, but is less abundant in Porto 
Rico than U. maculatus. One example, 6.5 inches long, obtained at Palo Seco. 
Upeneus martinicus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 483, 1829, Martinique; Jordan & Evermann, 1. c., 859, 1896. 
Upeneus balteatus Cuvier &Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 484, 1829, Cuba; . oung. 
Upeneus flavovittatus Poey, Memorias, I, 224, 1851, Cuba; adult. 
Family XXXIV. SCOMBRIDdi. The Mackerels. 
Body elongate fusiform, not much compressed, covered with minute cycloid scales; scales ante- 
riorly sometimes forming a corselet. Lateral line present, its course undulate. Head subconic, pointed 
anteriorly. Mouth rather large, with lateral cleft; premaxillaries not protractile; maxillary without 
supplemental bone; jaws with sharp teeth, large or small. Vomer and palatines toothed or not. 
Preopercle entire; opercle unarmed. In the very young the preopercle is armed with radiating spines, 
which are later absorbed and lost. Gill-openings very wide, membranes not united, free from isthmus. 
Gillrakers usually long. Pseudo branchiae present, large. Gills 4, a slit behind fourth. Branehios- 
tegals 7. Dorsal fins 2, the first of rather weak spines, depressible in a groove, second similar to 
the anal; elevated anterior lobe always distinct; anal spines weak; last rays of dorsal and anal detached 
and separate, forming in each case a series of finlets; caudal peduncle extremely slender, keeled, caudal 
lobes abruptly diverging, falcate, fin adapted for rapid motion; ventral fins well developed, thoracic, i, 5. 
