BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
126 
Found in warm seas, chiefly of the western Atlantic, north to Massachusetts; occasionally in 
Lower California (Streets); common in the West Indies, swimming near the surface, where it becomes 
easily benumbed with cold. It is probably not rare about Porto Rico. Two examples, 25 and 15 
inches in length, were collected at Palo Seco and Mayaguez. 
Tnchiurus lepturus Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. X, 246, 1758, America; after Lepturus of Artedi; Jordan & Evermann, 1. c., 889, 1896. 
Lepturus lepturus, Poey, Fauna Puerto-Riquena, 333, 1881; Stahl, 1. c., 162, 1883. 
Family XXXVI. CARANG1D7E. The Pampanos or Pompanos. 
Body more or less compressed and often elevated, sometimes naked, or more usually covered with 
small, thin, cycloid scales. Head compressed, occipital keel prominent, usually trenchant. Mouth of 
varying size, dentition various, teeth generally small ; premaxillaries usually protractile; maxillary with 
or without a supplemental bone; preopercle usually entire in adult, in the very young armed with three 
or more spines. Lateral line complete, anteriorly arched, posterior part straight, sometimes armed 
with bony plates. Dorsal tins more or less separated, the spinous part rather weak, the spines usually 
depressible in a groove; anal fin long, similar to soft dorsal, always preceded by two stiff spines, 
usually separate, but in young often more or less connected with fin or with each other, these sometimes 
disappear with old age, and sometimes the spinous dorsal also vanishes; often a procumbent spine before 
dorsal fin; ventral fins thoracic, well developed, i, 5; caudal peduncle very slender, fin widely forked; 
pectoral fins narrow. Gill-openings very wide, membranes usually not united, free from isthmus. 
Gills 4, a slit behind last. Gillrakers usually long. Branchiostegals commonly 7. Air-bladder pres- 
ent, often bifurcate behind. Pseudobranchise large, present in all our genera, sometimes disappearing 
with age. (Esophagus unarmed. Pyloric caeca generally numerous. Vertebrae fewer than in the 
Scombritlic, usually 10 + 14 = 24 in number. First superior pharyngeal without teeth; second, third, 
and fourth separate, with teeth; lower pharyngeals separate. 
Coloration generally metallic and silvery or golden. 
The Carangidx include 29 genera and about 200 species, abounding in warm seas, often moving 
northward in summer, like the Scombridse. They swim swiftly, often with the dorsal fin above the 
surface of the water. Most of the species are widely distributed, and nearly all are valued as food. 
SCOMBROIDINJE: 
'a. Premaxillaries not protractile (except in very young). Pectoral fins short, rounded; soft dorsal similar to anal, each 
much longer than abdomen; lateral line unarmed. 
b. Maxillary without supplemental bone; no pterygoid teeth; scales linear, embedded Oligoplites, 53 
aa. Premaxillaries protractile. 
Seriolin*; 
r. Anal fin much shorter than soft dorsal, its base not longer than abdomen; pectoral tin short, not falcate; maxillary 
with a distinct supplemental bone. 
d. Dorsal spines low and weak. 
c. Dorsal and anal fins without iinlets. 
/. Membrane of dorsal spines disappearing with age Naucrates 
ff. Membrane of dorsal spines persistent Seriola,54 
ee. Dorsal and anal fins each with a detached two-rayed finlet Elagatis 
re. Anal fin about as long as soft dorsal, its base longer than abdomen. 
g. Maxillary with a supplemental bone; lateral line arched anteriorly, usually armed posteriorly; pectoral long, 
falcate. 
Carangin.®: 
h. Dorsal outline more strongly curved than ventral outline. 
i. Dorsal and anal each with a single detached finlet; body slender Decapterus, 55 
ii. Dorsal and anal without finlets. 
j. Lateral line with well-developed' scutes for its entire length; body elongate Trachurus 
jj. Lateral line with scutes on its straight posterior portion only (these sometimes very few and small, especially in 
those species with body much compressed) . 
k. Shoulder-girdle with deep cross-furrow at its junction with isthmus, above which is a fleshy projection; body 
elongate Trachurops, 56 
kk. Shoulder-girdle normal, its surface even; body deeper. 
l. Body oblong or more or less elevated, not as below. 
m. Teeth of jaws in few series or in one series, unequal, or at least not forming villiform bands, outer series above 
usually enlarged, lower teeth Usually uniserial. 
n. Maxillary very narrow, its greatest width scarcely one-fourth eye; head small, lateral line strongly arched in 
front; teeth uniserial, those on palatines and vomer minute or obsolete Hemicaranx 
im. Maxillary broad; head rather large; vomer and palatines with teeth Caranx, 57 
