130 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
Color, bluish above, silvery below; a faint dark opercular blotch; no striking colors. 
This species reaches a length of 2 feet, and is found on both coasts of tropical America and in 
tropical seas generally. Common about Porto Rico; 38 examples, from 4 to 9 inches, collected at Palo 
Seco, Aguadilla, and Culebra; one from San Geronimo. 
Scomber crumenophthalmus Bloch, Ichthyologia, pi. 343, 1793, Acara in Guinea. 
Scomber plumieri Bloch, Ichthyologia, pi. 344, 1793, Antilles. 
Scomber balantiophthalmus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 29, 1801, Guinea. 
Caranx macrophthalmus Agassiz in Spix, Pise. Bras., 107, 1829, Brazil. 
Trachurops brachychirus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 261, Cape San Lucas. 
Trachurops crumenophthalmus , Poey, Fauna Puerto-Rlquena, 331, 1881; Jordan & Evermann, 1. c., 911, 1896. 
Trachurops plumieri, Stahl, l.c.,77 and 163,1883. 
Genus 57. CARANX Lacepede. The Crevalles. 
Body ovate or oblong, compressed; back sometimes considerably elevated, sometimes little 
arched. Head moderate or rather large, more or less compressed. Mouth moderate or large, oblique; 
maxillary broad, with a well-developed supplemental bone, extending to below eye. Premaxillaries 
protractile. Teeth developed in one or few series, unequal, or at least not in villiform bands. Villiform 
teeth usually present on vomer, palatines, and tongue, wanting or deciduous in some species. Gillrakers 
long. Eye large, with adipose eyelid. Dorsal spines rather low, connected; second dorsal long, usually 
elevated in front, both fins depressible in a groove. Anal fin similar to second dorsal and nearly as 
long, preceded by two rather strong spines, its base longer than abdomen. Caudal fin strongly forked, 
peduncle very slender. Ventral fins moderate; pectorals falcate; no finlets. Scales present, mostly 
very small. Lateral line with its posterior portion armed with strong bony plates, which grow larger 
on tail, each plate armed with a spine; a short dorsal branch of lateral line usually present. Preopercle 
entire in adult, serrate in young, usually with a membranous border. 
Species very numerous, in all warm seas, most of them valued for food. 
a. Teeth on vomer and palatines persistent. 
b. Soft dorsal and anal low, not much elevated in front, little if at all falcate; teeth in jaws in one or few series, with 
no canines. 
c. Body slender, depth about 3.5 in length; color dark, chiefly bluish ruber, 88 
cc. Body deeper, depth about 2.8 in length; color pale, mostly golden ; bartholomxi, 89 
bb. Soft dorsal and anal much elevated in front and more or less falcate; upper teeth in a band, outer enlarged; lower 
teeth in one series; dorsal sheath of scales not greatly developed; soft dorsal and anal both rather short. 
d. Breast naked, except a small rhombic area before ventrals; two small canines in front of lower jaw; body robust, 
compressed. 
e. Opercular spot large; adult with a black spot on pectoral; pectoral 3 in length hippos, 90 
dd. Breast entirely covered with small scales. 
/. Body subfusiform, depth less than one-third the length; breast scaly; teeth of outer series small, not canine-like; a 
black opercular spot; no spot on pectoral; arch of lateral line about half straight part crysos, 91 
ff. Body oblong-ovate, depth more than one-third length; outer teeth rather strong, lower teeth not canine-like. 
g. General color silvery; vertical fins not all black latus, 92 
gg. General color brassy or blackish; vertical fins black; lower teeth not canine-like lugubris 
Uraspis: 
aa. Teeth on vomer and palatines wanting or deciduous; teeth in jaw subequal, bluntish, in one or two rows; lateral 
line not strongly arched; soft dorsal and anal low; shields rather few. 
h. Body deep, compressed, back and belly arched; shields 24 to 30; second dorsal I, 26; anal I, 22; opercular spot 
present guara 
88. Caranx ruber (Bloch). Cibi Mancho; Carbonero. 
Head 3.5; depth 3.5; eye 5.4; snout 2.6; maxillary 2.6; mandible 2.25; interorbital 3; preorbital 
9; D. viii-i, 26; A. ii-i, 23; pectoral 1; ventral 2.8; caudal 1.1; scutes about 30. 
Body elongate, back scarcely elevated, caudal peduncle slender, much wider than deep, scutes 
forming a very strong keel; head pointed, symmetrical; maxillary nearly or quite reaching front of 
eye; teeth on vomer, palatines, tongue, and jaws, in villiform bands; no enlarged teeth; arch of lateral 
line moderate, somewhat shorter than straight part, which is about 2.5 in body; pectoral falcate, with 
very slender tip, reaching anal; anterior rays of soft dorsal and anal somewhat produced, those of 
dorsal 2.3 in head, of anal 2.7; caudal widely forked. 
Color in spirits: Bluish above, pale on sides and below; parts of head with golden wash; lower 
lobe of caudal with a wide dusky lengthwise bar; dorsal somewhat dusky, other fins nearly pale. 
West Indies. Four specimens, 6.5 to 14 inches in length, from Mayaguez, Ponce, and Culebra, 
taken in the seine. One of 5 inches from San Geronimo we refer with some doubt to this species. 
