THE FISHES OF PORTO RICO. 
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Scomber ruber Bloch, Iclithyologia, pi. 342, 1793, St. Croix. 
Caranx blochii Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IX, 69, 1833, St. Croix. 
Caranx iridinus Poey, Memorias, II, 226, 1860, Cuba. 
Caranxruber, Jordan & Evermann, 1. c., 919, 1896. 
89. Caranx bartholomsei (Cuvier & Valenciennes) . Yellow Jack; Cibi Amarillo. 
Head 3.3; depth 2.8; eye 4.8; snout 2.8; maxillary 2.4; mandible 2.1; interorbital 3; preorbital 8; 
D. viii-i, 26; A. n-i, 22; pectoral 1; ventral 2.6; caudal 1.1; about 30 scutes. Close to C. ruber, but 
the body not so slender, and straight portion of lateral line longer, nearly as long as curved part, 2.8 
in body; maxillary reaching past front of eye. 
Bluish above, a golden wash everywhere. 
West Indies, north to Florida and the Carolinas; common in Cuba, but not very common in Porto 
Rico. One specimen, 9.5 inches long, from San Juan market. 
Caranx bartholomsei Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., IX, 100, 1833, St. Bartholomew; Jordan & Evermann, 1. e., 919, 1896. 
Caranx cibi Poey, Memorias, II, 224, 1860, Cuba. 
Caranx beani Jordan, Proc. U. S. N. M. 1880, 486, Beaufort, N. C. 
90. Caranx hippos (Linnseus). OrevalU; Toro; Horse Crevalle; Cavally; Jack; Jiguagua. 
Head 3; depth 2.5; eye 3.8; snout 3.4; maxillary 2.3; mandible 2; interorbital 3.7; D. viii-i, 20; 
A. ii— i, 17; pectoral 1; ventral 2.3; caudal 1.1; scutes about 30. 
Body not greatly elongate, anterior profile very strongly arched, approximating vertical from 
front of eye to tip of snout in adult; mouth nearly horizontal, low; maxillary reaching posterior border 
of eye in adult, middle of eye in 5-inch individuals; teeth of upper jaw in a villiform band, with an 
outer row of considerably enlarged teeth, rather wide-set; one row of teeth in lower jaw, a pair of 
canines at symphysis; lateral line with a rather strong arch, shorter than straight part; breast naked, 
except a patch in front of ventrals. A large, very distinct jet-black spot on opercle; a fainter black 
spot on lower rays of pectoral, often wanting in young; axil of pectoral black; lobe of soft dorsal and 
upper surface of caudal peduncle dusky. 
The most, strongly marked of the species of Caranx, known at once from the strong arch of the 
head, the naked breast, and the opercular and pectoral spots. The collection contains only the young, 
2.75 to 5.5 inches long, from Palo Seco. It does not appear to be common in Porto Rico, though it is 
of wide distribution, being found in all warm seas and generally abundant. It occurs on both coasts 
of tropical America and ranges as far north as Cape Cod and the Gulf of California. It bites voraciously 
and affords much sport to the angler, who takes it by trolling. It is taken at Key West both by 
trolling and by bottom fishing. It is very ravenous, swimming with great swiftness, and preying upon 
smaller fishes. It is said to attain a weight of 20 pounds, but those caught in Indian River, Florida, 
do not average over 3 pounds. As a food-fish it does not occupy a high rank. It was not seen in any 
of the Porto Rican markets, which, however, was probably due to its scarcity at that particular season. 
