142 
BULLETIN OE THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
This species reaches a length of 6 to 8 inches, a weight of a half pound or more, and is a highly 
valued pan-fish, particularly common along our south Atlantic coast. It is apparently not common in 
Porto Rico, as only two specimens were obtained, 6.5 and 7.5 inches long, respectively, from the San 
Juan market. 
Pane Brasiliense congener, Sloane, Hist. Jamaica, 285, 1727, Jamaica, 
Stromateuspa.ru Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. X, 248, 1758, Jamaica; based on Sloane. 
Cheetodon alepidotus LinnEeus, Syst. Nat., ed. XII, 460, 1766, Charleston. 
Sternoptyx gardenii Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 494, 1801, Charleston; after Linnaeus. 
Stromateus longipinnis Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Philos. Soc. N. Y., I, 1815, 366, New York. 
Rhombus paru, Jordan & Evermann, 1. c., 966, 1896. 
Peprilus paru, Jordan & Evermann, 1. c., 3197, 1900. 
Family XXXVIII. CHEILODIPTERID^E. The Cardinal-fishes. 
Body oblong or elongate, sometimes compressed and elevated, covered with rather large scales, 
which are striated and ctenoid or sometimes cycloid; cheeks scaly; lateral line continuous; cleft of 
the mouth wide, oblique; villiform teeth on jaws and vomer, and sometimes on palatines; canines 
sometimes present (teeth wanting in Brephostoma ) ; preopercle with a double ridge, its edge entire 
or slightly serrated ; opercular spine little developed; lower pharyngeals separate, with sharp teeth; 
pseudobranchiae present; branchiostegals 6 or 7. Dorsal fins well separated, the first with 6 to 9 rather 
strong spines; no dorsal sheath or furrow; anal fin short, usually with 2 spines, sometimes with 3 or 4; 
ventral fins thoracic, i, 5, without axillary scale. 
Small fishes of the tropics, especially abundant in the East Indies, some of them in fresh water, 
most of them in rather deep waters. Color often bright-red. Genera about 15; species about 130. 
CHEILODIPTEKINa:: 
a. Body oblong, not greatly compressed nor greatly elongate; anal spines 2, rarely 3; teeth present in jaws at least. 
b. Anal fin with two spines; soft rays usually 8 or 9. 
c. Canines none; teeth all villiform; lateral line normal. 
d. Palatines with teeth. 
e. Scales large, 20 to 30 in lateral line. 
/. Preopercle with its posterior edge distinctly serrate, at least in young Apogon, 63 
ff. Preopercle with its ridges entire at all ages Apogonichthys, 64 
ee. Scales small, 40 to 45 in lateral line.. Glossamia 
dd. Palatines toothless; teeth moderate; eye very large; body elongate; scales rather small; preopercle entire or 
nearly so Epigonus 
cc. Canines present in jaws. Dorsal spines 6; opercle unarmed; anal spines 2 Cheilodipterus 
66. Anal fin with 3 spines and 8 soft rays; no teeth on vomer or palatines; no canines; caudal rounded; opercles 
entire; body moderately elongate Amiichthys 
Scombropiile. 
aa. Body elongate, the form approaching that of the barracuda ( Sphyrsena ) ; mouth large; anal spines 3 or 4. 
g. Teeth subequal, without distinct canines; preopercle serrate. D vil-l, 10; A. m, 7; scales small, about 60. 
Sphyr^nops 
gg. Teeth unequal, jaws with long canines; preopercle entire or nearly so. 
h. Second dorsal and anal long, each of 12 to 14 soft rays; soft parts of vertical fins scaly; scales rather small, 45 to 50. 
Scombrops 
hh. Second dorsal and anal short, each with 7 to 9 soft rays; vertical fins scarcely scaly; scales large, about 30. 
Hypoclydonia 
Genus 63. AP0G0N Lacepede. Kings of the Mullets. 
Body oblong / compressed, covered with large ctenoid scales. Lateral line continuous, with 20 to 
30 scales. Head large; mouth tvide, oblique, maxillary extending to below middle of large eye; 
villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; no canine teeth; preopercle with a double ridge, the 
edge somewhat serrate, at least in the young, becoming entire with age in some species; opercle with 
spine behind. Gillrakers rather long. Dorsal spines 6 or 7, strong; second dorsal remote, short; anal 
with 2 spines and 8 or 9 soft rays, second much the longer, soft part similar to soft dorsal; pectorals 
and ventrals moderate; vertebrae 11 -)- 14 = 25. Warm seas; the species numerous. 
а. Base of caudal with a distinct round blackish blotch (rarely wanting). 
б. Base of soft dorsal without blackish saddle-like blotch. 
c. Opercle without dark spot; cheek without evident dark dots; soft dorsal much higher than spinous; scales 
28 to 30 imberbis 
aa. Base of caudal without blackish blotch. 
