BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
146 
102. Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch). “Robalo”; Snook. 
Head 3; depth 4.25; eye 7.75; snout 3.5; maxillary 2.5, reaching past middle of eye; interorbital 
equal to eye; D. vn or vin-i, 10; A. in, 6; scales 9-75-12, about 18 before dorsal; gillrakers 4 4-9. 
Body stout, not much compressed; head long and pointed; mouth large; lower jaw strongly projecting; 
preorbital faintly or not at all serrate; preopercle and interopercle serrate; subbpercular flap broad; 
cranial ridges prominent; caudal peduncle stout, its least width 2.5 in its least depths; tins moderate; 
first and second dorsal spines very short, first sometimes absent, third about 2 in head; first- anal spine 
very short, second very strong, about 2.6 in head, usually a little longer than third, which is more 
slender; pectorals long, about 2 in head; ventrals long, slightly greater than the pectoral; scales mod- 
erate, closely imbricated, rather firm. 
Color in life: Irregularly iridescent-green above; top of head grayish, cheeks silvery, with golden 
wash; lower jaw flesh-color, with some blue; lateral line darkest posteriorly; side silvery, with light 
purple iridescence; under parts white; tins all pale, ventrals darker at tips, caudal dark-edged. 
Color in spirits: Greenish-olive, sides dull-silvery, lighter below; fins all pale except dorsals, 
which are dark; lateral line black. 
A common food-fish in Porto Rico, where it reaches a length of 2 or 3 feet or more. Specimens 
were obtained at San Juan, Ponce, Palo Seeo, Mayaguez, and Arroyo. 
Scicena undecimalis Bloch, Ichth., VI, 00, pi. 303, 1792, Jamaica. 
Centropomus umleciinradiatus Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 268, 1802, Jamaica; after Bloch. 
Perea loubiita Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 397, 1802, Cayenne. 
Sphjfrseiia aureoviridis Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V. 324, 1803, Martinique. 
Centropomus appendiculatus Poey, Memorias, II, 119, I860. Havana and Cienfuegos. 
Centropomus undecimalis, Poey, Fauna Puerto-Riquena, 321, 1881; Stahl, 1. e., 76 and 162,1883; Jordan & Evermann, 
1. c., 1118, 1896. 
103. Centropomus parallelus Poey. “ Robalo.” 
Head 2.7; depth 3.33; eye 5.7; snout 3.4; maxillary 2.4, reaching past middle of eye; mandible 
1.6; interorbital 7, less than eye; D. viii-i, 10; A. m, 7; scales 12-80-14. Back considerably elevated, 
making body deeper and anterior profile more steep than in C. undecimalis. It. differs also from that 
species in the much less projecting lower jaw, stronger serrations of preorbital and preopercle, smaller 
scales, and color of the lateral line, which is pale instead of black. 
Our specimens differ slightly from Poey’s description of C. parallelus: Second anal spine but two- 
thirds depth of body, third very nearly as long as second; otherwise identical with it. 
Color, silvery in life, inclining to brassy-olive on back; in spirits, faint longitudinal streaks, pale 
below but brownish on back, traverse the rows of scales. 
This is a small species, rarely exceeding a foot in length, found about Cuba, Santo Domingo, Porto 
Rico, and at Pernambuco. It enters rivers and lakes and may be found at long distances from salt 
water. In Porto Rico it ascends the larger streams well toward the interior of the island. Numerous 
examples from the Rio Luiza were seen hawked about the streets of Caguas. One from this place is a 
foot in length. < '. nudeciinu/is also enters the rivers but does not ascend so far as does this one. Each 
species possesses some game qualities and both are sought by the local anglers. The best fishing is 
said to be in the lower portions of theRiode la Plata, Manati, and the Rio Grande de Arecibo. 
Centropomus paratttlus Poey, Memorias, II, 120, 1860, Havana and Cienfuegos; Jordan it Evermann, 1. c., 1122, 1896. 
