THE EISHES OF PORTO RICO. 
161 
reaching almost to front of anal, 2 in head; ventral with second ray produced, reaching vent; caudal 
truncate, or with middle rays very slightly shorter, making the margin slightly concave. 
Color in life: Dorsal half of head and trunk and ail of caudal peduncle scarlet, ventral portion 
pale-blue, almost white; a yellow longitudinal band, nearly as wide as pupil, from preopercular margin 
straight across opercle and along body to lateral line under last dorsal rays; 4 quadrate or oblong 
black blotches just under this band, the first about under middle of spinous dorsal, second under last 
spines, third under first rays, fourth under last rays; from each of the first three of these blotches a 
square, well-defined yellow shade extends downward to belly or base of anal, a similar one from base 
of pectoral to ventral; 4 smaller black blotches at base of caudal, 2 others, somewhat larger than the 
last, just in front of them on caudal peduncle; a row of 9 round black dots on each side at base of 
dorsal fin, first one smallest, opposite membrane of first spine, the other 8 separated somewhat obscurely 
into pairs, the first pair under middle spines, second under last spines, third under first rays, fourth 
under last rays; 2 or 3 very small black dots on upper edge of caudal peduncle; 2 or 3 more in front of 
dorsal on median line, each accompanied by a similar one on either side; in some specimens a few 
scattering ones on top of head behind eyes, sometimes regularly arranged; a few dark-brown spots 
behind eye; various dark markings on side of head, without very definite pattern, but usually 2 oblique 
stripes on cheek, a heavy black blotch on interopercle and 2 on ramus of mandible, which, with their 
fellows of the other side, make distinct crossbars on lower side of head, usually extending across 
maxillary; chin and lower part of opercle with dark spots; lateral line white, with a few broken spots, 
comparatively faint, just below it; iris red, with an inner ring of white surrounding pupil; spinous 
dorsal pale, edge of membrane black, this color bordered below with faint yellow; soft dorsal pale, 
spotted throughout with light-orange, with a marginal band of same, outside of which is a very narrow 
pale-blue edge; ventral very pale-blue, produced ray somewhat yellow; anal pale-blue with some light 
orange on last rays; pectoral and caudal uniform pale-reddish, unmarked. 
In spirits, all the red and yellow markings disappear, the dark persists, and additional markings 
are brought out as follows: Along anterior and upper part of the trunk and crossing the lateral line 
are dark-brown vertical bars, diffuse and running together, or separated and broken into round or 
quadrate blotches; in the middle part of the course of yellow longitudinal band appears a row of very 
small black points; spots on soft dorsal dusky; dark mottlings on caudal; upper and lower base of 
pectoral, and sometimes axil, dusky. 
A beautiful and strongly marked species; 2 specimens dredged and 33 others, ranging in size 
from 0.55 to 2 inches, caught in the tangle, off Culebra and Vieques islands, on coral bottom, in depths 
of 15 and 16 fathoms. Known only from Porto Rico. 
This interesting species was “named for Mr. Albertus H. Baldwin, the artist of the expedition, 
in recognition of his excellent drawings and paintings of American fishes.” 
Prionodes baldwini Evermann & Marsh, Report U. S. F. C. for 1899 (December 19) , 353, Fish Hawk station 6093, off Culebra 
Island, 5.25 miles southwest of Culebritas Light-House, February 8, 1899, in 15 fathoms. 
Genus 73. DULES Cuvier. 
This genus is close to Prionodes, differing in having but 6 branchiostegals and in the truncate form 
of the caudal fin. In D. auriga the third dorsal spine is prolonged in a whip-like spine. There are 3 
known species of the genus, the one described below and D. subligarius, which occurs on the South 
Atlantic coast of the United States, and I), auriga, from the coasts of Brazil and Uruguay. 
a. Third dorsal spine not longer than fourth, 3 in head; second anal spine considerably longer than third, about 2.25 
in head; lower jaw little projecting; gillrakers short and few, 6 or 8 in number; jaws scaleless; soft dorsal with 
small scales; pectoral long, reaching anal. Color brown, with darker cross-shades; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal 
fins checkered with blackish on a white ground; a broad white area or bar before anal fin. 
b. Dorsal rays x, 13; head small, acuminate; pectoral fin finely barred with black and whitish, precisely like caudal 
fin; a very conspicuous inky-black blotch on front of soft dorsal (at least in the young), this being a 
continuation of one of the bars on body; a black ring about tail at base of caudal, before which are 6 or 7 dark 
bars, becoming progressively broader and fainter forward; lower parts of head with a conspicuous network of 
dark streaks subligarius 
bb. Dorsal rays x, 12; head less slender; pectoral red; inky blotch on soft dorsal small or obsolete; dusky bars on body 
distinct dispilurus, 116 
aa. Third dorsal spine in adult male greatly elevated, reaching past middle of soft dorsal, its length quite variable; 
second anal spine as long as third, 2.83 in head; lower jaw prominent; gillrakers 10 to 12 below arch; pectoral 
shorter than head; brownish lower parts with light and dark shades; fins clouded. .... auriga 
F. C. B. 1900—11 
