THE FISHES OF PORTO RICO. 
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across opercle, and finally disappears on middle of side; fifth extends from eye along middle of side, 
crossing lateral line, where it is joined by third, then extending on caudal peduncle above lateral line 
to base of caudal fin; the remaining lines are on lower part of side and are more or less broken and 
irregular; head dark grayish -purple; an inky-black spot on iuner lower edge of opercle; lower jaw 
flesh-color, with numerous fine dark specks; dorsal, caudal, anal, and pectoral yellow, with dusky 
wash on bases; ventrals dark; inside of mouth flesh-color. In larger individuals the dark streaks persist, 
but are less distinct. 
Found in the waters of southern Florida and West Indies; known from Clearwater Harbor, Key 
West, Florida Keys, Indian River Inlet, Jamaica, St. Thomas, and Porto Rico. Probably not common 
in Porto Rico, as we obtained specimens only at San Juan and Arroyo. The largest of these was 10.5 
inches long. The life-colors in the above description were taken from a specimen 6.5 inches long, 
obtained at Arroyo. 
Hsemulon macrostoma Gunther, Cat., 1, 308, 1859, Jamaica. 
IlsemMlonfremebundum Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. N. M. 1879, 340, Clearwater Harbor, Florida. 
Hsemulon macrostomum, Jordan & Evermann, 1. c., 1296, 1898. 
138 . Hsemulon bonariense Cuvier & Valenciennes. “Ronco Prieto” ; “Arrayado” ; Black Grunt. 
Head 2.8; depth 2.6; scales 5-44—10; D. xii, 16; A. nr, 8. Body oblong, compressed, the 
back considerably elevated; head rather long; snout pointed, rather longer and sharper than in II. 
parra, anterior profile straight, or a little concave before eyes. Snout 2.66 in head (in young of 9 
inches). Mouth rather small, smaller than in II. parra , maxillary barely reaching front of eye, its 
length 3 in head. Teeth of moderate size, outer and posterior somewhat enlarged. Eye moderate, 
4.66 in head; interorbital space flattish, its width 4.25 in head; preorbital moderate, its least width 
4.8 in head; preopercle moderately serrate,. Gillrakers few and small, about 12 on lower part of arch. 
Scales larger than in II. parra or any other of the genus, those above and below lateral line about 
equal in size, those above arranged in series which are less oblique and more undulating than in 
related species, the series from scapular scale following direction of lateral line for about 10 scales, then 
turning abruptly, reaching base of last dorsal spine, or sometimes anterior part of soft dorsal; soft fins 
scaly as usual. Dorsal spines of moderate strength, fourth 2.6 in head; longest ray of soft dorsal 4 in 
head; caudal 1.66 in head; anal high, second spine and longest rays extending, when depressed, well 
beyond tip of last ray; longest soft ray 2.75 in head; second spine longer and stronger than third, 2.66 
in head; pectorals long, 1.33 in head; ventrals 1.75. 
Color in spirits, pearly-gray; center of each scale brownish-black, these coalescing and forming 
very sharply defined continuous undulating stripes; about 16 of these between front of dorsal and front 
of anal; sixth extending from scapular scale to last dorsal spine; base of caudal blackish; fins dusky. 
This species is found in the West Indies south to Buenos Ayres; not very common. It is not 
common about Porto Rico, only 2 specimens being obtained, both in San Juan market. It reaches the 
length of a foot or less, and is of some value as a food-fish. 
Hsemulon canna Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 233, 1830, Martinique; not of Agassiz, 1829. 
Iixmulon bonariense Cuv. & VaL, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 254, 1830, Buenos Ayres: Jordan & Evermann. 1. o., 1297, 1898 
Hsemulon notatum Poey, Memorias, II, 179, 1860, Cuba. 
Iixmulon retrocurrens Poey, Repertorio, II, 236, 1868, Cuba. 
Iixmulon continuum Poey, Enum., 46, 1875, Cuba; Poey, Fauna Puerto-Riquefia, 325, 1881; Stahl, 1. e., 77 and 163, 1883. 
139 . Haemulon parra (Desmarest). “ Arrayado” ; “Ronco” ; Sailor’s Choice. 
Head 3; depth 3; eye 4.4; snout 2.4; interorbital 4; preorbital 4.8; D. xii, 17; A. iii, 8; scales 
C-54-12; pectoral 1.6; ventral 1.8. Body comparatively deep, back compressed and arched; anterior 
profile rather steep and convex, nearly straight from tip of snout to opposite front of eye, from 
which point to origin of dorsal fin, it is gently and regularly arched ; back from origin of dorsal to 
caudal peduncle a uniform long curve; ventral line of body from tip of lower jaw to anal fin nearly 
straight; caudal peduncle compressed, its narrowest width 3 in its least depth. Mouth moderate but 
slightly oblique, gape 3 in head; lower jaw slightly shorter; maxillary reaching somewhat past front 
of eye. Teeth small, in villiform bands, those of outer series on sides of lower jaw somewhat enlarged; 
no antrorse teeth. Interorbital space convex; preopercle scarcely roughened, wholly without serra- 
