188 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
tions; gillrakers short and not very stout, about 15 on lower arm of arch. Squamation very complete, 
all soft fins densely and finely scaled; scales of body rather large, those above lateral line somewhat 
enlarged anteriorly, running in very oblique series, series from humeral scale terminating under eighth 
dorsal spine; scales below lateral line in more nearly horizontal series, those on anterior part of body 
somewhat enlarged; lateral line arched, approximately parallel to dorsal outline, hut very gently 
approaching it posteriorly. Dorsal spines strong, fourth to sixth longest, fin, when depressed, being 
inclosed in a groove by the sheathing scales; first anal spine quite small, second large and strong, much 
stronger but scarcely longer than third, their points not reaching tips of last soft rays when depressed ; 
free end of soft anal slightly emarginate; caudal lobes subequal, their length about 1.66 in head; 
pectoral rather short and broad, reaching slightly past tips of ventrals; ventrals short, their tips 
acutely rounded. 
Color in spirits, dark-brown; center of each scale on upper parts of body dark-brown surrounded 
by silvery, free edge of scale paler or purplish-brown; lower part of side and under parts more silvery, 
but with numerous fine dark punctulations everywhere; head dark; fins all dark. 
The range of this fish extends from southern Florida through the West Indies to Brazil; it is 
recorded from the Tortugas, Key West, Cards Sound, Marco, Lemon Bay, and Biscayne Bay in Florida, 
and from Havana, Jamaica, Porto Rico, and Brazil. It is abundant about Key West. It collects into 
schools in July and August, at which time it spawns on rocky bottom. It reaches a weight of 2 pounds, 
Fig. 52. — Hxmulon parra. 
the average being about, half a pound, and is a valuable food-fish. The best fishing for this species is 
in summer. The single specimen obtained in Porto Rico is from Puerto Real, and is 10.5 inches long. 
It is probably not uncommon at the west end of the island. 
Diabasis parra Desmarest, Prem. DCc. Ichth. , 30, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1823, Havana. 
Hxmulon caudimacula Cuvier, R6gne Animal, ed. 2, vol. 2, 176, 1829, Brazil ; Havana. 
Hxmulon chromis Broussonet MS. in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 242, 1830, Jamaica. 
Hxmulon acutum Poey, Memorias, II, 180, 1860, Cuba. 
Hxmulon serratum Poey, Memorias, II, 181, 1860, Cuba; Poey, Fauna Puerto-Riquena, 325, 1881; Stahl, 1. c., 77 and 163, 1883. 
Hxmulon albidum Poey, Memorias, II, 181, 1860, Cuba. 
Hxmulon parra, Jordan & Evermann, 1. c., 1297, 1898. 
140. Haemulon carbonarium Poey. Ronco Carbonero. 
Head 3; depth 2.8; eye large, 3.66 in head; D. xn, 16; A. in, 8; scales 7-55-14. Body oblong; 
back not greatly elevated, profile nearly straight or slightly convex from tip of snout to above eye, 
thence gibbous to front of dorsal; snout short, moderately pointed, its length 3.16 in head; mouth 
not very large; gape somewhat curved; maxillary extending nearly or quite to front of pupil, its 
length 2.5 in head; lower jaw rather included. Teeth strong, much as in H. sciurus, but a little 
shorter. Interorbital space flattish, 4 in head; preorbital moderate, its least breadth 6 in head; pre- 
