THE FISHES OF PORTO RICO. 
189 
orbital finely but rather sharply serrate; gillrakers small, 9 + 14. Scales moderate, those below lateral 
line anteriorly moderately enlarged, their series nearly horizontal; series above lateral line very 
oblique. Dorsal spines slender and high, the fourth 1.87 in head; longest soft rays 3.5; upper caudal 
lobe a little longer than lower, 1.2 in head; longest anal rays 2.2 in head, their tips when depressed 
reaching beyond tip of last ray; second anal spine strong, 2 in head, its tip reaching when depressed 
about to tip of last soft ray; ventrals 1.5 in head; pectoral 1.3. 
Color in life, light bluish-gray, much as in II. plumieri; body with 7 oi 8 deep brassy-yellow 
stripes which are horizontal above, those below lateral line a little curved, following the rows of scales; 
stripes narrower than interspaces of ground-color; 3 stripes above lateral line, 3 or 4 below, the latter 
paler; little black under angle of preopercle; caudal blackish-yellowish at tip; soft dorsal, anal, and 
ventrals yellowish-gray, distal portion blackish; spinous dorsal bluish, deep yellow at base and edge; 
yellowish stripe along middle of fin; pectoral plain, yellowish bar across its base; mouth deep red, 
its angle dusky. In spirits, grayish, more or less shaded with dusky, the stripes rather faint 
orange-brown. 
West Indies and the Bermudas, south to Brazil; very common at Havana. Length about 10 
inches. One 8 inches long in Mr. Gray’s collection from San Geronimo; not seen by us in Porto Rico. 
Hsemulon carbonarium Poey, Memorias, 11,176, 1860, Cuba; Jordan <& Evermann, 1. c., 1300,1898. 
141. Hsemulon sciurus (Shaw). “Ronco Amarillo” ; Boca Colorado; u Cachicata” ; Yellow Grunt. 
Head 2.66 to 2.83; depth 2.83 to 3; eye 4 to 4.75; snout 2.25 to 2.33; maxillary 2 to 2.1; interorb- 
ital 3.5 to 4.33; preorbital 6; D. xii, 16; A. in, 8; scales 9-50 to 53-13 or 14; pectoral 1.5 to 1.43; 
ventral 1.75 to 1.86. Body oblong, back regularly and gently elevated, ventral outline nearly straight; 
snout rather long and pointed; mouth large, gape curved, maxillary usually reaching to vertical of 
front of pupil; lower jaw slightly included; teeth strong, upper jaw in front with about 3 strong 
canines on each side; front teeth of lower jaw rather strong; antrorse teeth of back part of each jaw 
rather strong. Scales moderate, those above lateral line not enlarged anteriorly, arranged in oblique 
series, those below slightly larger anteriorly, arranged in nearly horizontal series; lateral line gently 
arched in front. Dorsal spines moderate, fourth longest, about 2.5 in head; longest ray of soft dorsal 
about 4 in head; second anal spine strongest and somewhat longer than third, but not reaching tips 
of last soft rays when depressed; upper caudal lobe somewhat the longer; soft parts of dorsal, anal, 
and caudal densely scaled; pectoral and ventral less fully scaled; preopercle finely serrate; gillrakers 
short and slender, about 17 below angle of first arch. 
General color in life; Yellowish, side with about 10 broad, brassy bands alternating with 
somewhat narrower pale-blue bands, fourth of which runs forward across upper edge of orbit, crosses 
forehead and joins its fellow from other side; cheek and snout with similar blue lines, the one on 
