204 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
dorsal spine, is confined to American waters. There are two color types in the genus, one group being 
made up of species with broad black crossbands, the other of species with golden streaks and incon- 
spicuous crossbands, resembling the species of Lagodon. The common sheepshead {A. probatocephalus) 
is the most important member of this genus, but is not yet known from any point in the West Indies. 
Salema: 
a. Occipital crest rather thin, its honeycomb structure not exposed. Species with streaks of steel-blue and golden, 
dark crossbands narrow, disappearing with age, about one-third the interspaces; a black humeral spot, 
b. Dorsal spines 13; incisors | on each side, side of back with 8 or 9 golden streaks, which are narrower than the 
metallic-blue interspaces. 
c. Scales 9A8-15; pectoral fin not quite reaching second anal spine; body rather deep and compressed. Incisors j on 
each side, entire, or with a shallow notch. Fifth dorsal spine highest, 2 to 2.5 in head; second anal spine 
strong, recurved, 2.5 in head. Olivaceous, silvery below, upper parts with golden longitudinal stripes alter- 
nating with bluish interspaces; humeral spot larger than eye unimaculatus, 157 
bb. Dorsal spines 12; incisors § on each side. Profile with a slight depression above eye; second anal spine much 
longer than third. Color, grayish, belly white; 8 golden longitudinal bands; a black shoulder-spot tridens 
Akchosa rgus: 
an. Occipital crest broad, its honeycomb structure plainly exposed at upper margin; dorsal spines 12; species without 
blue or golden markings, but with about seven broad black crossbands crossing body; no distinct shoulder-spot. 
Body much compressed; dorsal outline strongly arched; ventral outline almost straight. Profile straight and 
steep anteriorly. Incisors J, entire or slightly emarginate, serrate in young; molars in 3 series above, in 2 
below, those of inner series larger, those behind incisors very small. Highest dorsal spine 1.33 in head; second 
anal spine about twice in head, much longer than third. 
d. Incisors broad, their breadth about half their length. Scales 8-48-15 probatocephalus 
dd. Incisors narrower, their breadth 2.5 in their length. Scales 7-44-14 et vies 
157. Archosarg-us unimaculatus (Bloch). “ Chopa Amarilla.” 
(Plate 26.) 
Head 3.4; depth 2.15; eyed; snout 2.3; maxillary 3; mandible 3.1; interorbital 3; preorbital 4. 1 ; 
D. -Xiii, 10 to 12; A. in, 10 or 11; pectoral 6; ventral 1.3; caudal 1; scales 8 or 9-45 to 50-14 to 16. 
Body ovate, deep, strongly compressed, anterior profile steep and convex; mouth small, maxillary not 
reaching front of eye; jaws equal, armed with strong, broad incisors, their edges sometimes notched, 3 
on each side in upper jaw, 4 on each side in lower; 3 rows of molars of various sizes above, 2 rows 
below; scales moderate, regular and cycloid, an enlarged scapular scale; dorsal fin continuous, spines 
strong and sharp, graduated, middle ones highest, 2.5 in head, soft rays low, last longest, 3.6 in head, 
base of soft fin with a low sheath of small scales; second anal spine strongest, somewhat recurved, 2.5 
in head, soft rays short and weak, with basal sheath; pectoral very long, slender, reaching front of 
anal; caudal well forked, lobes subequal. 
Color in life; Pale bluish-silvery, bluish above, side with 9 to 12 narrow brassy lines, 5 above 
lateral line, somewhat irregular behind, those below broader, more regular, and fainter; head bluish, 
with brassy bars behind eye; under parts white, throat rusty; dorsal pale-bluish, brassy at base, tips 
of spines darker; pectoral pale-greenish, washed with rusty, its base with yellow blotch; ventral 
chiefly orange, inner ray white, tips of other rays white and violet; anal dirty-orange; caudal rusty, 
washed with olive, middle rays black at tip. In spirits there is a diffuse black shoulder-spot, usually 
smaller than eye, under lateral line several rows of scales back of its anterior end, faint or invisible in 
life; the young have 6 or 7 diffuse vertical liars, not observed in life. 
Found among the Florida Keys and in the West Indies south to Rio Janeiro, occasionally as far 
north as South Carolina; recorded from Charleston, Key West, Cuba, Jamaica, and Brazil. It is an 
abundant and important food-fish in Porto Rico. Our collection contains specimens 4 to 9 inches long, 
from San Juan, Puerto Real, Guanica, Ponce, and Hucares. In the market at San Juan it was noted 
as one of the most common species. Though not reaching a large size, it is an excellent pan-fish. 
Salema, Marcgrave, Hist. Brasil., 153, 1648, Brazil. 
Bream, Browne, Jamaica, 446, No. 1, 1756, Jamaica. 
Perea unimaculata Bloch, Ichthyologia, pi. 308, 1792, Brazil; on a figure by Prince Maurice. 
Spams saline Lac6pMe, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 136, 1803, Brazil; based on P. unimaculata of Bloch. 
Sargus humeri-macidatus Quoy & Gaimard, Voyage Freycinet, Zool., 297, 1825, Rio Janeiro. 
Sargus flavolineatus Cuvier A Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VI, 60, 1830, Cuba. 
Oynadus brama Gronow, Cat. Fishes, ed. Gray, 56, 1854, South Carolina. 
Sargus coriha'us Poey, Memorias, II, 197, 1860, Cuba; Fauna Puerto-Riquena, 328, 1881. 
Arcliosargus unimaculatus , Jordan A Evermann, 1. c., 1359, 1898. 
