THE FISHES OF PORTO RICO. 
227 
Color: Top of head and back rich dark-blue, sides and under parts abruptly lemon-yellow, this 
yellow extending over side of head, entire side of body below lateral line and to some extent above it, 
and entire caudal peduncle and caudal fin; side of head and anterior part of body as well as top of 
head and dorsal region with numerous small pale-blue spots; similar spots on spinous dorsal and 
anterior soft dorsal rays, as well as a few on anal fin; a large black blotch on middle anterior dorsal 
rays, not ocellated. Posterior half of dorsal and anal yellow like caudal; pectoral pale-yellow; pale-blue 
spot near base of last anal ray; a small black blotch at base of pectoral. In life the pale-blue spots on 
top of head and upper part of side appear white by contrast with the darker-blue ground-color, those 
on side of body and head appearing bluer. Along the lateral line are sometimes present a few small, 
oblong dark spots. The coloration of this species is extremely variable; usually the colors are about as 
given above, but some specimens showed a gradual encroachment of the blue of the back upon the 
yellow of the sides, thereby approaching the general color-pattern of what we have called E. analis. 
The extreme forms of this species and of E. analis are remarkably different and one would not 
hesitate to regard them as entirely different species, but individuals taken from different places and of 
various sizes, show very perplexing variations. It has, however, been impossible to show that these 
variations present actual intergradation, and for that reason we prefer, for the present, to recognize 
the species as distinct. 
Found in the West Indies north to southern Florida. In Porto Rico we obtained specimens at 
San Juan, Puerto Real, Culebra, and Guanica. While fairly common, it is apparently much less 
abundant than E. analis. 
Pomacentrus leucostictus Muller & Troschel, In Schomburgk's Exc. Barbados, C74, 1848, Barbados. 
Pomacentrus caudalis Poey, Synopsis, 328, 1867, Havana. 
Pomacentrus xanthurus Poey, Memorias, II, 190, 1860, Havana. 
Pomacentrus dorsopunicans Poey, Synopsis, 328, 1867, Havana. 
Eupomacentrus leucostictus, Jordan & Evermann, 1 . c. , 155,1898. 
Genus 105. ABUDEFDUF Forsk&l. Pintados. 
Body deep, compressed, covered with large ctenoid scales; snout without scales; preopercle and 
preorbital entire, lower limb of preopercle scaleless; 3 to 4 rows of scales between lateral line and 
dorsal; teeth compressed, fixed, more or less distinctly emarginate, in one series in each jaw, those below 
occupying most of free edge of jaw; jaws subequal. Dorsal usually with 13 spines, the last slightly 
shorter than median ones; branchiostegals 5 or 6; pyloric cseca 3. Lower pharyngeals triangular. 
Species numerous, often brightly colored, about coral reefs in the tropical seas. We exclude 
from this genus all the species formerly referred to Glyphidodon, in which the teeth are in more than 
one series, and also those in which the snout is scaly or the lower pharyngeals not triangular. For 
these forms different generic names, Hemiglyphidodon, Ambly glyphidodon, Glyphidodonlops, etc., have 
been defined by Bleeker. The genus Stegasles Jenyns ( imbricatus ) is also very close to Abudefduf, but 
it seems to have entire teeth, and the snout and fins are densely scaly. The genus Nexilarius is less 
closely related to Abudefduf. 
Glyphisodon: 
a. Preopercle entire. 
b. Preorbital very narrow, its least breadth less than pupil, even in adult; anterior profile of head nearly straight, 
snout rather acute;, dorsal spines 13; anal with about 12 soft rays. 
c. Scales about 4-30-11; green, with about 6 dark-blue or blackish crossbands; depth 1.75 to 2 in length; anal rays 
ir,12 saxatilis, 183 
Euschistodus: 
bb. Preorbital broad, its least breadth not less than diameter of pupil, greater than pupil in adult; anterior profile of 
head more or less arched, snout low and blunt, projecting beyond the small mouth; anal rays ii, 10; coloration dull. 
d. Dorsal spines 13; scales 27 or 28. 
e. Color in adult brownish, with green dots, not distinctly banded; teeth smaller, on each side analocjus 
dd. Dorsal spines 12; body with 5 dark crossbands, fainter than in A. saxatilis; scales about 25 taurus 
aa. Preopercle said to be coarsely serrate; dorsal spines 13; scales very large, 25; body with dark crossbands rudis 
183. Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnpeus). Cockeye Pilot; Demoiselle; “ Chirivita ”; “Pintado.” 
Head 3.2; depth 1.8; eye 3.2; snout 3.5; interorbital 2.7; D. xin, 13; A. ii, 12; pectoral 0.9; 
ventral 1.0; caudal 0.8; scales 5-28-11. 
Color in spirits: Chiefly silvery, somewhat darker above, top of head brown ; side with five vertical 
