THE FISHES OF PORTO RICO. 
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208. Pomacanthus arcuatus (Linnaeus). “Mariposa”; Black Angel; Chirivila; Portugais. 
Head 4; depth 1.4; eye 4; snout 2.1; interorbital 3.1; preorbital 2.75; D. ix, 30 to 32; A. in, 24; 
pectoral 1.1; ventral 0.75; caudal 0.9; scales 8-53-27. Body nearly orbicular, greatly compressed and 
elevated, covered with large scales interspersed with smaller ones, not in regular series; nape, head, 
and breast with tine scales; dorsal and anal densely scaled to margins and tips of produced rays-; a 
strong flat spine at angle of preopercle, head otherwise unarmed, save for a few sermlations on upper 
limb of preopercle; dorsal and anal with a few of their anterior rays produced, reaching beyond 
truncate caudal. 
Color in spirits: Grayish-olive, most of scales of body very dark brown with a pale edge, the 
color not on scales, but on membranous expansions of the integument lining the scales; caudal with a 
broad, pale edge; young much darker, sometimes nearly black, whh white, arcuate, vertical bars, one 
from nape across head behind eye to breast, another from spinous dorsal across body behind pectoral 
to vent, a third from soft dorsal to anal, the ends extending on fins, one or more of these bars often 
absent; a median white line on top of head; a pale liar from angle of mouth downward; chin dusky, 
with a white spot at symphysis, sometimes chin and lower jaw pale; caudal with a pale bar at base, 
sometimes narrowly connected along outer rays with the pale marginal bar, thus surrounding a dark 
area in middle of fin; posterior margin of dorsal and anal very narrowly pale-edged. 
The black angel is generally common in the West Indies and is occasionally taken as far north as 
New Jersey and as far south as Bahia. It is known from Key West, the Tortugas, Cuba, Jamaica, Porto 
Rico, and Martinique. Our specimens from Porto Rico are 5 to 12 inches long and were obtained at 
Puerto Real, Isabel Segunda, and Culebra. It is probably not uncommon in suitable places about the 
island. It reaches a length of 1 to 2 feet, and is of some value as food. At Key West it is found 
throughout the year, and is caught chiefly in traps, though it is frequently taken with spear or hook. 
The average weight of those taken at Key West does not exceed 2 or 3 pounds, and the largest rarely 
weigh more than 6 pounds. 
Chxtodon arcuatus Linnfeus, Syst. Nat., ed. X, India; from spec. Mus. Ad. Fr.; D. VIII, 30; dusky with 5 dark bands. 
Chsetodon aureus Bloch, Ichthyol., pi. 193, fig. 273, 1758, Martinique; on a drawing by Plumier, the spines 9 in the original 
drawing; Poey, Fauna Puerto-Riquena, 329, 1881. 
Chxtodon lutescens Bonnaterre, Encycl. Meth., 182, 1788, Jamaica; after Browne. 
Chsetodon littoricola Poey, Synopsis, 351, 1868, Cuba; black fins bordered with yellowish; fin rays not counted; Poey, 
Fauna Puerto-Riquena, 329, 1881; Stahl, 1. c., 77 and 164, 1883. 
Pomacanthus balteatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 208, 1831, Porto Rico (Coll. Plee) . 
Pomacanthus cingulatus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 209, 1831, West Indies; probably sent by P16e from Porto Rico. 
Pomacanthus quinquecinctus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 210, 1831, West Indies; probably from Porto Rico. 
Pomacanthus arcuatus, Jordan & Evermann, 1. c., 1679, 1898. 
Genus 115. H0LACANTHUS Lacepede. Catalinetas. 
Body oblong, rather robust, back not greatly elevated nor compressed; scales rather small, 
roughish, often mixed with smaller ones. Vertical limb of preopercle with small equal seme; a strong 
spine at angle of preopercle, this usually grooved; interopercle short, armed with 1 to 4 strong spines. 
Dorsal fin with 12 to 15 strong spines, which are usually graduated, increasing in height to the last; 
soft dorsal moderate, with 17 to 20 rays, usually not ending in streamers. Coloration usually brilliant 
and well defined, changes due to age less than in Pomacanthus. 
Species numerous in all tropical seas, abounding about coral reefs. 
209. Holacanthus tricolor (Bloch). “Palmoneta” ; Pock Beauty; Catalineta; Vaqueta de dos Colores. 
(Plate 36.) 
Head 3.4; depth 2.1; eye 4.4; snout 2.2; interorbital 3; preorbital 4.7; D. xiv, 18; A. in, 18; 
pectoral 1.4; ventral 1.1; caudal 1.3; scales 8—48-24. Body oblong, little elevated and not greatly 
compressed; scales for the most part regularly imbricated, exposed portion with many fine parallel 
ridges ending as very fine sharp points, making the scales extremely ctenoid; mouth small, prominent; 
preorbital with an antrorse and a retrorse spine varying greatly with age; a long and strong spine at 
angle of preopercle, the upper limb with a row of short spines; 2 spines on lower limb, and about 4 
on interopercle; soft dorsal and anal with one or more rays, the seventh or eighth, or adjoining ones, 
produced in fine filaments, the dorsal slightly the longer, reaching end of caudal; caudal convex, its 
upper and lower rays produced in slender filaments, the upper the longer. 
