3 
brændte Surstofgasen med overskydende Vandstof. Han 
brugte. ogsaa her som Spærrevædske Vand. som paa Vor- 
linand var mættet ined Luft. og det kan saaledes ikke for- 
undre, at de Resultater, lian erholdt, vise temmelig betyde- 
lige Afvigelser. Surstofmængden varierer saaledes fra 39.5 
til 31.0 og udgjør i Middel 34.7 °/ 0 af den samlede Surstof- 
Kvælstofmængde. medens denne varierer mellem 20.0 og 
30.5 og i Middel udgjør 24.5 CC. pr. Litre af det udkogte 
Vand. Som man heraf ser, svarer den midlere Surstofpro- 
cent meget noie med det af Bunsen senere for destilleret 
Vand opstillede Tal. hvorimod de Tal, Morren opfører som 
Udtryk for den samlede Surstof-Kvæ-lstofmængde. ingen nøi- 
agtig fixeret Betydning have, da han intetsteds angiver 
den Barometerstand og Temperatur, hvortil han har redu- 
ceret sine Gasvolumina. 
Nogle Aar senere i 1846 gjenoptog Lewy 1 Morrens 
Undersøgelser paa nogle Vandprover, som han oste ved 
Langrune i Nordost for Saint-Malo, og anvendte for at 
kunne sammenligne sine Resultater med Morrens nøiagtig 
den af ham beskrevne Arbeidsmethode. Hans Resultater 
vise ogsaa. naar man tager Hensyn til. at Vandprøverne 
alle skrive sig fra samme Sted, ikke ubetydelige om end 
meget mindre Afvigelser, som lian ligesom Morren tilskri- 
ver Sollysets Indflydelse. Surstofmængden varier hos ham 
fra 35.4 til 32.4 og udgjør i Middel 33.6 °/o af den samlede 
Surstof-Kvælstofmængde, som gjennemsnitlig beløber sig til 
17.3 CC. pr. Litre og ikke overskrider Grændserne 18.9 
og 16.3. Heller ikke Lewy har nærmere fixeret Betydnin- 
gen af de opførte Gasvoliynina. Dm- har forresten i hans 
Tabel indsneget sig meningsfor virrende Regnefeil, som har 
givet Anledning til. at han er bleven misforstaaet. 
I 1851 har end videre A. Hayes 2 3 offentliggjort nogle 
Udtalelser om Fordelingen af Luften i Søvandet dog uden 
at vedføie sine Originalobservationer. Ifølge ham tincles i 
Vand fra større Dyb altid en betragtelig mindre Mængde 
Surstof end i OverHadevandet, en Regel, som overalt holdt 
stik saavel i den hede som tempererede Zone, naar und- 
tages i Golfstrømmen, hvor den stærke Bevægelse i Vån- 
det kunde antages at forstyiTe den almindelige Ligeva?gt. 
Han fandt ogsaa efter Storme en betydelig større Surstof- 
mængde i OverHadevandet. 
I 1855 udførte M. F. Pisani a nogle Undersøgelser af 
Saltene i OverHadevandet ved Bujuk-Déré og bestemte sam- 
tidig de i Våndet indekoldte Gasarter. Resultaterne filides 
sammenstillede i nedeustaaende Tabel, hvor Volumet er 
reduceret til U" og 766 mm .Tryk og udtrykt som CC. pr. 
Litre Vand. 
potash for absorbing the carbonic acid, and consumed 
the oxygon with a surplus of hydrogen. Here, too, the 
confining fluid was water, previously saturated with air; 
and hence it is not surprising, that the results obtained 
should have been found to vary considerably. Thus, for 
instance, the amount of oxygen varies between 39.5 and 
and 31.0 per cent, the mean proportion being 34.7 of the total 
amount of oxygen and nitrogen; while the latter ranges 
from 20.0 to 30.5, giving a mean proportion of 24.5“ 
per litre. The mean percentage of oxygen agrees, therefore, 
very closely with the proportion afterwards found by Bun- 
sen for distilled water; whereas no definite importance 
can be attached to Morren’s figures representing the total 
amount of oxygen and nitrogen, since that observer does 
not anywhere state to what temperature and atmospheric 
■ pressure he. had reduced the volume of the gas. 
Some years after, in 184(5, Lewy 1 repeated Morren’s 
experiments, with samples of water drawn at Langrune, 
north-east of Saint-Malo. adopting, the better to compare 
his results with those of Morren, precisely the same mode 
of operation. The results obtained by this chemist, see- 
ing that the samples of water were all of them from 
the same locality, vary, too, considerably, though by no 
means to the same extent, - which he, in common with Mor- 
ren, ascribes to the influence of solar light. The amount 
of oxygen ranges from 35.4 to 32.4 -33.6 per cent, being 
the mean proportion of the total amount of oxygen and 
nitrogen, which averages 17.3“ per litre, having in no 
case passed the limits 18.9 and 16.3. Lewy, too, omits 
to give the factors determining the volume of the gas. 
Moreover, divers perplexing errors have slipped into his 
Table; and hence he has been misunderstood by some. 
In 1851. A. Hayes 2 published a. paper on the distri- 
bution of air in sea-water, without however embodying his 
original observations. According to the observations of 
that chemist, the amount of oxygen in water drawn from 
' great depths is always appreciably less than that in surface- 
water, a rule which holds good for all seas both of the 
torrid and the temperate zones, with the exception of the 
I Gulf Stream,' where the strong current may he supposed 
to exert a disturbing influence. After a heavy gale of 
wind, too, the proportion of oxygen in the surface-water 
was found to be much greater. 
In 1855, M. F. Pisani* instituted a series of observa- 
tions near Bujuk-Déré on the salts in surface-water, and 
also determined the gaseous bodies it contained. His 
results are given in the following Table, the volume 
being reduced to a temperature of 0° and a pressure of 
760 mm , expressed in cubic centimetres per litre. 
1 Ann. Ckim. Phys. [3] — IT. Ann. Chem. Pharm. 58 — 320. 
* Sillim. Ainer. Journ. (2| — 11 — 241. 
3 Compt. rend. 41 — 532. 
1 Ann. Chim. Phys. (3], 17; Ann. Chom. Pharm. 58, p. 320. 
* Sillim. Amer. Journ. (2), 11, p. 241. 
3 Compt. rend. 41, p. 532. 
1 * 
