40 
THE FIELD. 
[Saturday, 
Turkey— that is to say, conditioning tlio full and entire 
independence of her sovereign rights, and the preservation 
b*»th for the present and tho future of the territorial limits 
of th« empire; he declared that that was the only exact 
version of what had been submitted to the National 
Assembly, and that the Government, seeing in it nothing 
contrary either to the interests of the country or to those of 
its religion, had given its consent, out of consideration for 
the friendly Powers. This declaration satisfied tho greater 
part of the students, w ho withdrew to their quarters i but 
the most excited of the body, about 400, wishing also to 
have other explanations, wont away to the squaro of 
Saltan Bayrzid, where the ministers, with the exception of 
ltfxrhid, were assembled. Rescind had prudently retired 
to the Seraglio. An aide-de-camp of the Minister of War 
came out and invited them to enter his nhodu ; about 150 
went in, when 100 Lancers previously disporsed in one of 
the neighbouring streets, at a giveu signal, occupied the 
two gates of the ministry in such a manner that the softns 
(students) just admitted were caught as in a trap. They 
were forthwith imprisoned in one of the barracks situated 
iu the interior of the enclosed area. The other softas 
repaired to their comrades, and acquainted them with this 
arrest. It was then that they came in a body to the Square of 
Sultan Achmet, and it was hence that they branched off 
into the different quarters of the city and strove to raise 
the people. The next day they attempted to post up on 
the minarets of the great mosques placards, on which these 
words were written in large characters, “ Here they will 
henceforth read the Gospel and not the Koran;” but the 
soldiers who guarded all the avenues to the mosques, 
arrested the softas who wanted to effect this in sight even 
of their comrades, and they were taken to prison. Those 
who resisted were treated by the soldiers by blows from 
the butt-ends of their muskets. These act’s sufficiently 
proved the feeling entertained by the Turkish soldiers. 
From that moment the government no longer hesitated, 
and on the following Thursday evening it published a 
manifesto nearly identical with the explanation of the 
Sheik-ul-Islum. It mentioned, however, that this act had 
been done by the National Assembly — that is, by the 
C"ngre6s of the entire nation— thut a few isolated’ indi- 
viduals had no right to criticise it ; and if, notwithstanding 
this announcement, certain people did not choose to accept 
it peaceably, they should be severely punished as dis- 
turbers on the spot. This piece of advice lias produced 
the best effect, for every group immediately dispersed, and 
by the Friday morning— the Turkish Sabbath— order was 
completely re-established. 
THE WAR IN EUROPE. 
We read in the Journal de Constantinople of Dec. 24 : — 
“ At the moment we are putting to press, despatches, duted 
the 19th Dec., have just arrived at the War-office con- 
cerning the army of Roumelia, in three new engagements 
between the Ottoman troops and the Russians. Two 
companies of infuntry from the garrison of Kalafat and 
130 cavalry were escorting 400 wagons, sent on a foraging 
expedition, when about six leagues Irom Knlnfat they met 
a numerous party of Cossacks, who wished to cut them off. 
The Colonel in command of the Turkish detachment drew 
up his troops and the wagons in buttle array, a hot fight 
ensued, and the result was that the Russians fled with 
considerable loss. The Imperial troops had eight men 
killed, and nearly ns many wounded. In front of Sistowa, 
a small Turkish division engaged with a considerable 
number of Cossacks. The latter were repulsed, the Turks 
making ten prisoners. A steam vessel towing two gun- 
boats again presented itself before Isatcha and Matschin 
(Sec the mop in The Fiei.d of 9 July, p 40, vol. 2.). The 
Commandant of tho fort tired on them, sinking the boats 
and seriously injuring the steamer, which sheered off in all 
haste.” 
The M'nitevr publishes a despatch from Constantinople, 
dated the 3lst ult., announcing that the order from the 
Governments of England and France directing the fleets 
to enter the Black Jjca bud been received, but it had not 
then been acted upon, the weather having been everywhere 
very bad. At Smyrna, the custom-house had beeu’ncarly 
destroyed by the violence of the sea. 
Important. — O n the §th of January a Turkish division, 
15 000 strong, with 15 guns, attacked the intrenched posi- 
tion of Citale, not far from Kalafat, and took it by storm. 
Bucharest, Jan. 4. — The offensive movements of tbe 
Russians have commenced on a grand scale. The corps 
of Otten-Backcn advances in the midst of ice. The 
Russian forces in Lesser Wallacliia advance in three 
columns. The corps which will operate against Kalafat is 
estimated at 22,000 men. The second marches through 
K >i akal, and the third along the Alutn. The insurrection 
ot the peasants in Lesser Wallacliia may be considered as 
quelled. 
S/ mein, Dec. 30.— An aide-de-camp of the Sultan has 
ar ived at the camp of Omar Pasha, bringing him orders- 
t,. curl th) ae the military preparations, seeing that no armis- 
tice ha6 been concluded. 
Vienna, Tuesday evening, Jan. 10. (By Electric Tele, 
gr p .) Details are wanting, but sanguinary conflicts have 
Im, pened between Kalafat and Karakul, ns ninny wouuded 
ltu'-ians are continually being conveyed to Krajova. 
Paris. — T be Moniteur states that, according to a tele- 
f raphic despatch from Constantinople on the 31st, the 
Jivnn had adopted all the propositions of the four Powers. 
Tin- allows of another proposal for peace, but does not stop 
hostilities. Letters from the Principalities, dated the 
2T||| ult., state that Omar Pasha Imd succeeded in forcing 
the Russian General Fischhnck to evacuate Krajova, and to 
retirw behind tbe Alula. Of so conflicting a nature is the 
intelligence that has reached us for some time past from 
the Danube, that we arc yet unublc to say whether the 
pre-ent statement be correct or not. Tbe letters add, that 
tbe Russian bud been completely out manoeuvred by the 
Ottoman commander. 
NAVAL OPERATIONS IN THE BLACK SEA. 
The Minister of War appears to have had a hand in the 
nomination of Rizn Pnslm to the post of Cnpudan Pasha, 
or Minister of Murine. This is a pleasing fact: tho two 
are equally energetic and equally popular, and compre- 
hending the wants and interests of their country in a prac- 
tical point of view, their presence in office can hardly fail 
to bo beneficial to Turkey. 
Capture of a Russian Cutter.— On the night of the 
14th of December, a Russian cutter, with four gun9, was 
driven by stress of weather into tho Bosphorus. The look 
out kept was so bad that she passed the first two forts 
unobserved. The commander of the third sent a boat to 
summon her to surrender, but it was not until he threat- 
ened to sink her that her captain (Davidoff) yielded. IIo 
threw the guns and ammunition overboard. 
Loss of a Russian Three -Decker.— Letters from St. 
Petersburg, dated December 30, admit that the Rostikoff, 
120-gun ship, was lost after the engagement at Sinope. 
Osman Pasha, commander of the Turkish squadron de- 
stroyed at Sinope, has died at Sebastopol, after having suf- 
fered two amputations. 
Scuttling a Prize-Steamer.— We rend in the Jeridoi- 
ffavadis of the 20th December ns follows: — “We have 
already announced that tho Russians lmd captured a 
Turkish 6tcamer, and taken her to Sebastopol. After 
remaining some time in that harbour she was sent to 
Odessa. Afterwards siic was again taken back to Sebas- 
topol, with 6onie Turkish prisoners on board. One of 
them got down into the hold, where he secretly made a 
large hole, causing a lenk that soon caused the vessel to 
go down. We give this news ns authentic.” The Sultan 
lias founded an hospital for wounded and decayed soldiers 
and sailors, upon the plan of Chelsea and the Invalides. 
The men who have suffered amputation in consequence of 
the wounds received at Sinope arc already designated ns 
the first inmates. 
Convoys. — A letter from the shores of the Black Sen 
of tbe 24tli December (says tbe Pa trie ) gives some new 
details ns to the situation of tilings in that quarter. The 
weather continued to be tempestuous. It is known that it 
generally improves in the first fortnight of January. A 
small convoy, which had set out from Odessa on the 18th 
December for the Sulina, with provisions and stores for the 
Russian army in the Danubian provinces, had been dis- 
persed by a storm. A circular of the Governor of the 
Crimea, addressed to the merchants in the ports of the 
Black Sea, recommends Russian vessels not to put out to 
sea unless with groat precaution. It informs them that 
regular escorts are about to be organised at Sebastopol to 
protect the convoys, and that a squndron of war will he 
placed at the strait of Yenikalt? to accompany the Russian 
vessels which arc to proceed to the different maritime 
points of the Sea of Azoff. 
FOREIGN MISCELLANY. 
TIIE WAR IN ASIA. 
An cstafette has arrived from Persia, with dates to the 
30th November from Teheran. Russia is sending a mili- 
tary mission from Tiflis-an < xiraordiunry embassy. Prince 
Kharukoft, political head at Tiflfa, accompanied by a general 
ai*d iliirty officers of the sluff, is proceeding to Persia and 
AUgiiaiiirtan. Mr. Thomson, the British CJiarg* d ’Affaires, 
ha* made up the difference with Persia. The Wlml. is to 
• r " ??[ ra » r * m *ry embassy to London. Ahmet Kftendi, 
„ U,k, ' h Ambii.-ador, liny reconciled himself with tbe 
, r ,,M " government. Tbe Sluth scuds counter-orders, and 
•ilia's hi ^ Wer * formed on ,bc Turkish frontiers 
wiu not be ©oneentrated j 
The Morgue at Paris.— During tbe year 1853 there 
were deposited in tbe Morgue of Paris 395 corpses, showing 
a decrease of 30 below the year 1852. Among this 
number were 254 men, 51 women, and 90 new-born infants. 
Of the 305 adults, 277 have been recognised, and 97 re- 
claimed by their families for the sake of proper burial. It 
is the first time that such a satisfactory result has been 
obtained in ail cases. The various modes of death are as 
follows :— 141 suicides, 94 accidental deaths, 34 sudden 
deaths, 2G drowned (cause not known), and 7 assassina- 
tions ; w hile of the new-born infants 22 were infanticides ; 
10 of the perpetrators had been discovered and arrested. 
The suicides, sudden deaths, and homicides have under- 
gone a remarkable diminution against last year, while 
there was an increase in accidental deaths, and the deposit 
of new-born children. Tho cause of increase of the latter 
category is as yet unknown, while that of the former may 
be simply explained by the immense works of construction 
which are proceeding in all parts of the town, and w hich, 
notwithstanding the recommended precautions, are now 
and then the scene of fatal accidents for those employed 
in them. 
A Train in Distress. — The Indipendance of Brussels 
gives a distressing Recount of the sufferings of the pas- 
sengers by a railway train which left Brussels for Germany. 
The train which, although drawn by four engines, could 
only proceed nt n very slow pace, arrived, without any 
accident, through a dreadful snowstorm as far as the 
cutting of Cumptich, between Louvain and Tirlemont. 
There it was compelled to stop. The first engine was 
detached, and sent forward to ascertain the condition of 
the road. It was found impossible to think of crossing 
the cutting where the snow had been driven by the wind 
to a tremendous tffipih, and it was necessary to return as 
far as Yertryck. While the train was stopping, some of the 
passengers who had alighted fell into the snow up to their 
necks, and were with great difficulty extricated. On 
getting back to Vertryck, the only shelter to be procured 
was the wretched station-house. A public-house was 
close to it, but in spite of entreaties, and even threats, the 
woman who kept it would not allow any one to enter. 
She said she kept the house to sell beer and spirits, but 
bad no accommodation for any one. Among the passengers 
were some German Emigrants returning from America 
m a very destitute condition. One poor woman among 
them, with a child nt her breast, was in a most deplorable 
state. At Vertryck, they were compelled to remain, for it 
was impossible cither to advance or go back ; the snow 
continued falling heavily, and neither bread nor any other 
provisions could be procured. At length two or three 
persons, nt the risk of their lives, managed to reach n 
village nt a little distance from the slulion, whence they 
returned with some bread and spirits. After recruiting 
their strength, the passengers determined on making an 
attempt to cross the country, and reach the village which 
was in sight, but in doing so they had to wade through the 
snow u]i to their waists. There, however, they were able 
t*. get shelter, and the next day reached Tirlemont, a 
number of men having been employed during the night 
ill clearing away the snow. 
AU8TRALIANA. 
Latest Arrivals.— The advices from Melbourne and 
Sydney by the Francis Ilenty and Walter Ilood reach to 
the middle of October, or about a fortnight Inter than 
those already received vid Panama. Their contents arc 
alike satisfactory ns regards the gold production and the 
rapid rise going on in the value of nil descriptions of 
established property. In the neighbourhood of Sydney it 
is said the most extraordinary prices continued to ho ob- 
tained for land and houses, the state of the labour-market 
interfering with building operations, while nt the same 
time there is the greatest demand for any permanent 
means of employing capital. Investments of all kinds 
were consequently sought with engerncsss, and very large 
sums were being paid for sheep and cattle stations. The 
number of persons going to England with realised fortunes 
is likewise stated to be great, and several such instances 
nrc mentioned where tho amount possessed ranges from 
100,001)/. to 200 , 000 /. The details furnished on the present 
occasion regarding the opening up of the river Murray by 
the Lady Augusta steamer give tho prospect of facilities 
of transit for the produce of the interior lands of South 
Australia, Victoria, and New South Wales thnt must 
exercise an incalculable influence on the future growth of 
each of those colonies. According to a private letter from 
one of the parties engaged in the expedition, dated Swan- 
hill, New South Wales (a point on the river 1,300 miles 
above Adelaide, in South Australia), the success of tho 
voyage had been beyond all expectation. It was believed 
that the vessel might proceed nearly 500 miles further, up 
to Albnrv, but it was not intended at present to steam an 
additional distance of more than 100 miles. Arrange- 
ments lmd already been made to take down 80,00n/.-uorth 
of wool on the return voyage. The width and volume of 
the river had excited surprise, and, ns regards that por- 
tion of it which runs through the province of South 
Australia, it was expected that the Governor would have 
its margin surveyed forthwith and offered for sale, with 
rights of some back run for cattle, so as to promote its 
settlement. The natives met with were friendly, and of a 
better class than those about Adelaide. In relation to the 
general features of the route, a statement of one party on 
board tbe steamer, which consisted of 44 persons, contains 
the follow ing paragraph : — 
“ The Murrny and its valley nro in reality llttlo known, or 
such absurd stories ns have been circulated in Adelaide could 
never have gained eredenro— stories of the river running through 
n barren desert, of its being fordable in various places, and tlio 
like. '1 lie truth is. (hot Very few people lmvc liny knowledge of 
the Murray ns a river, or of tlio capabilities of its valley. They 
have seen cortain reaches— largo pools of deep water; but 
whether or not there may he shallow places between them they 
are wholly ignorant. Some have paddled along Hie stream 
for n few miles in bonis, but wbolher they wero in threo Icet or 
three fathoms they neither knew nor cared : and lienee (lie notion 
has readily been received Unit the Murray was not navigable. 
The officers and sailors of tho Lady Augusta w ill give a very 
different report of its capabilities. They are men who have seen 
the rivers of each quarter of the world, and they compare tho 
Murray with sotno of the finest. It reminds one of the tit. 
Lawrence nt and above Quebec; another terms it a miniature 
Mississippi; a third likens it to the Hoogbly, adding that it is 
brondcr than cither the Ganges or tho Juinna ubove their point 
of junction; a Chinese mariner says it resembles I he Tigris at 
Whampoa; and Olio of the officers, who lias recently boon at 
California, states that it is broader tlmn the Sacramento. Tho 
water of the Murray, lik<* thnt of the Ganges, is generally rather 
thick and muddy, especially when, ns at present, tlio stream is 
rising. This is said to lie ohiefly caused by its admixture with 
the Darling. It looks in a tumbler ns if it find a little milk or 
clinlk in it. but settles down in a few hours nnd becomes perfectly 
bright, leering a considerable sediment, which may be described 
os something between fuller's earth nnd pipeclay, feeling soft and 
greasy in tho fingers. It is excellent both for drinking und 
washing,” 
Tenders.— The Emigration Commissioners have adver- 
tised for two vessels to carry emigrants to Australia. One 
is to be ready for Melbourne on the 21st, the other for 
Geelong on the 24th of February. 
London Mail for Australia.— The following has been 
issued from the General Post-otlice “Information having 
been received that the Matilda Wattenbach, with the mails 
for Australia, despatched from Liverpool on the 4th ult. 
had put into Lisbon damaged, arrangements were made 
with the General Screw Steam Shipping Company thnt the 
steamer Croesus, which left Southampton after tlie arrival 
of the day mail of the 11th inst., should call nt Lisbon for 
the purpose of receiving the mails on bonrd the Matilda 
Wattenbach, nnd conveying them to their destination.” 
Arrival of Gold. — Intelligence was received in the 
city on Monday of tho arrival of the Aiubrosine, from 
Geelong. Her dates are ns recent ns those by the Frances 
Henty. (13th October.) She has 15,000 ounces 
(60,000/.) on hoard, consigned to the London branch of 
the Bank of New South Wales. Of the vessels homeward 
hound from Australia, the subjoined are known to have 
gold on board, viz.: — 
Gold on 
Date of board. 
F,oni sailing. Ounces. 
Madagascar Port Phillip ... Aug 12 Co ion 
Roxburgh Castle Port Phillip ... Sept. 24 .' . 71882 
Mohawk..... Sydney ... Sept. 1ft ... rW 
Helen Baird Sydney ... Sept. 80 ... 13,879 
Undaunted Geelong ... Sept. 30 ... 35,000 
Total ounces 105,810 
The value of this is fully 780,000/. Of thnt by tho 
Mohawk, 1 1,408 ounces are for the Bank of Australasia, 
and 2,398 ounces for the Commercial Bunking Company] 
and of that by the Helen Baird, 10,207 ounces are for the 
Union Bank of Australia, nnd 3,G12 ounces lor the Com- 
mercial Banking Company, 
♦ 
COLONIAL INTELLIGENCE. 
( [From the London Gcuette of Tuesday.) 
Downing -street, January 10 , 1854. — Tho Queen has 
been pleased to appoint John Bowring, Esq., to bo Gover- 
nor and Coinninnder-in-Chief in and over the colony of 
Hongkong nnd its dependencies; Willoughby Shortland 
Esq., sonic time President nnd Senior Member of the 
Council of the island of Nevis, to be Lieutenant-Governor 
of the island of Tobago; Frederick Seymour Esq , to be 
President and Senior Member of the Council of' the island 
of Nevis; William Robert Inglis, Esq , to be President of 
the Council of the Turks nnd Caicos Islands; George 
Cream, Esu., to he surgeon and medical attendant of tlio 
convict settlement nt Masserony, British Guiana; nnd tho 
undermentioned gentlemen to be members of the Legisla- 
tive Council of the colony of Victoria— viz., Hugh Culling 
Eardley Childers, Esq., John Vesey Fitzgerald Foster, 
commonly called John Fitzgerald Leslie Foster, Esq 
James Horatio Nelson Cassell, Esq., Andrew Clarke, Esq. 
William Henry Fnncomt Mitchell, Esq., William Henry 
Wright, Esq , James Graham, Esq., William Ilighett, Esq., 
Dr. Andrew Abloom, Edward Stone Parker, Esq., and 
Andrew Halley Knight, Esq. Her Majesty lias also been 
pleased to appoint Lieut, william Langdon, K.N., to be a 
member of the Legislative Council of the colony of Van 
