64 
THE FIELD 
[Saturday, 
sure success, and all to no purpose, owing to tlie utter in- 
competence* of the officers, with very few exceptions, com- 
manding those brave troops. These particulars are received 
from a deserter, a Russian major (Mussulman) who arrived 
hero yesterday from Kars, and is about to start for Con- 
stantiuoplo.'’ 
General Guyoa arrived here (F'rzeroum) from Aleppo 
iu nineteen days, und left this for Kars on the 5th inst. 
Persia has given up her project of war on Turkey. 
NAVAL OPERATIONS IN TfIR BLACK SEA. 
V private letter from Odessa, of the 22ud ult., announces 
that tho commander of tho Russian flotilla in the Sea of 
Azof hud sent one of his aides-de-camp to Sebastopol to ask 
for instructions, and to announce that bis position is ex- 
tremely critical. The Russian flotilla in that sea is incapablo 
of resistance to largo ships, and should it return to Sebas- 
topol, the Rnssiun settlements on the Sea of Azof would bo 
left without defence. The same letter announces positively 
that two corps of 1 2,000 men each wore ready to lie embarked 
at Sebastopol on board ships of war when the resolution 
adopted by the British and French Governments after the 
affair of Sinope to send their fleet* into tho Black Sea became 
known. The intended oxpodition was consequently sus- 
pended. 
The Monitcur (Purls) has officially announced that the 
English and French fleets entered (lie Black Sea on the 3rd 
inst. It was at first intended to dospatch a steam squadron, 
consisting of the Agamemnon, Charlemagne, and Sunspareil, 
with six large paddle-wheel frigates, under the cnramaml of 
liear-Admirals Lyons and Barbior do Tinan ; but it was sub- 
sequently resolved that all the ships should go out together, 
the Trafalgar and the Vnltry, 120-gun ships, remaining to 
guard the Bosphorus. The Retribution, Copt, the Hon H. 
Drummond, and tho Cairo wero sent up to Sebastopol to 
inform the Riusiuu umbo; itics that the combined fleets had 
entered the Black Sea to protect the Turkish flag and terri- 
tory, and that they would net accordingly. This message 
must have been delivered about the 0th or 7th inst., ami, us 
it implies the direct co-operution of France and Euglsnd 
with Turkey against Russia, such a tuossago may bo con- 
sidered to be a declaration of war. If, on tho contrary, the 
Russians still seek to gaiu time, they may avoid u collision 
by keeping their vessels in harbour, but their operations for 
the transport of troops ore paralysed, Sebastopol is virtually 
blockuded, and the Turkish Government has immediately 
tuk'-n ad vantage of tills change in affairs to send to Uuloum 
(the very port tho Rusdans long for), a convoy of 15,000 
men with reinforcements for the army of Asia. 
A private letter from Odessa, of the 25th ult., states that 
for the threo days previous numerous convoys of Finland 
sailors pu-->ed through thut place on their way to Sebastopol. 
They ere going to complete 'ho crews of four ships which 
the government had given orders to get prepared lor sea. 
The Russian fleet in the Black Sea, which up to the present 
time only comprised fourteen sh.ps of the line, will now have 
eighteen. This number forms us maximum. Six other 
ships of thut flret, the nominal force of which is twenty- 
four, are not in a state to keep the sea. 
Constantinople, Jan 2.— The English frigate Retri- 
bution lias been despatched to Sebastopol, to reclaim the 
English engineers captured on board two Egyptian steam- 
ships. (See “ Tiie Field," p. 38.) 
The Russians are establishing at different points, and 
especially in the Crimea, defensive intienchmenis and coast 
batteries. Tlioy have changed the direction of the fires and 
lighthouses construeled to protect vessels arriving from the 
offing, and have also reinforced tho garrisons of the towns 
beyond the maximum of war. 
surrounded with walls, lias a quarantine, a town-hall, u 
custom-house, three churches, and a cavalry barrack. It 
is the chief place of a suh-administrator’s district. The re- 
doubts raised by the Turks are of great extent and very 
strong. They are partly raised on two high hills in the 
plain of Kulafut, about a mile distant from each other, and 
liavo a numerous artillery. All the neighbouring country is 
commanded by these hills in such a way that no approach to 
the Danube can be made. In 1828 these hills were occupied 
and fortified by ilie Russians. Between Widdin and Kalafat 
tho Danube is little less than a mile wide, and tho course 
of it is very rapid. The island In which the Turks are 
fortified is situated Dear the left hank ; it is partly covered 
with wood, and is defended by 6trong intreuchments in 
earth, bearing large artillery. Abovo Widdin the Turks 
have constructed a new citadel according to all the rules of 
art. 
New York, January 3 — Another of our opulent 
and benevolent citizens, the late Mr. Potor Cooper, lias left 
nearly half a million of dollars to found an institution for tho 
diffusion of education, und a spacious aud appropriate odifioo 
ic now being raised for that purpogo. 
Berlin, Jan. 16.— Mr. Haviland, Queen’6 Messenger, 
arrived here last night from tst. Petersburg, whither he is 
reported to have mado tlio journey with unusual rapidity, 
though sometimes encountering snow six feet deep and 
20° (Reaumur) of cold, corresponding to 26J° below zero 
(Fahrenheit). 
THE BRITISH FLEET IN THE BLACK SEA AND AT 
CONSTANTINOPLE. 
We have already announced that the French and English 
naval forces have entered the Black Sea. Wo are enabled 
to state, however, that Admiral Duudas lias taken with him 
about half of his force— namely, Tour line-of-battle slops und 
five steamers, exclusive of the two steamers detached. The 
following is the division and distribution : — 
lx thb Black Sea. — Ships op the Line. 
Britannia. 120, Captain Carter, with the flag or the Commander-ln- 
Cblef, Viee-A-linirul Dumlas, C.B. 
Agomernnon. 01, screw, Captain Sjmonds, flag-ship of Rear-Admiral 
Sir E. Lynns, 6ecoml in command. 
Rodney, 00, Captain Charles Graham, C-B. 
Vengeance. 84, Captain Lord E'lward Russel!. 
Sunspareil, 71, screw, Captain R. C. Darrel. 
Raddle Steasi-puigates. 
Terrible 02 Captain M'Clevertr. 
F" r 'ous 10 Captain Lorlne. 
TiE<r 10 Captain Gifford. 
Firebrand... 0 Captain Hyde Parker. 
Sampson 0 Captain Jones. 
At Sebastopol. 
Retribution, 29. paddle-frigate, Captain Hon. J. R. Drummond, had 
been smt to Sebastopol, with the caution of the British ambassador that 
it would be dangerous for the heroes of Sinope to show their noses out 
of port. 
At Sixope. 
Inflexible. 6, paddle-sloop, had been sent to Sinope to warn the 
Russians off from a second visit. 
At Constantinople. 
The following force remained ai Constantinople Jan. 1 
Trafalgar ieo Captain Greville. 
118 Captuin Michel I . 
D>"<l°n t)0 Captain Kden. 
0° Captain Lusliington. 
Bellerophon 78 C*pt. Lord G. Paulet. 
60 Captain King. 
Areihosa 60 Captoln Mends. 
t'f r /"TnV Commando Heath. 
I paddfr j 6 Commander Tatham 
fbe last vessel was wailing the arrival of the mail-, when she would 
overtake the admiral In the Black Sea. 
FOREIGN MISCELLANY. 
French Silks and Ribands. — Advices from St. 
Etienne, the Coventry of Fiance, state that the prosperity 
of the riband manufacturers during tho past year has been 
beyond all precedent. The quantity of silk “ conditioned” 
was also greater than in any former jear. 
Montevideo.— Her Britannic Majesty’s Government 
has at lergth succeeded in establishing a conventional post- 
office arrangement with that of Montevideo, The postage 
from England will be reduced from 2 1 . Id. to Is. on letters 
not exceeding half an ounce in weight ; and at Montevideo 
they will be chargeable on delivery 160 reis, instead of 300 
re s, av heretofore. The Lady Eglinton, like the two pre- 
ceding Liverpool «*rew-*teamcrs, arrived at Montevideo to 
her time, being only 36 days from her port of departure, In- 
cluding stoppages at Lisbon, 8t. Vincent, Pernambuco, Bahia, 
gnu uio de Janeiro. 
ow Daucbe.— T hia place, of which so 
much has been said lately, is a town of 2,000 houses— Is 
AUSTRALIAN A. 
Outward Bound. — The departures from the port of 
London for the Australian colonies during the past week 
show a dccroaso. They have comprised altogether four vessels 
— two to Port Phillip with an aggregate burden of 1,318 
tons; one to Sydney of 883 tons; and one to Portland Bay 
of 336 tons. Their total capacity was consequently 2,597 
tons. The rates of freight continue to be maintained with 
steadiness. 
Sir E. Home. — We regrot to announce, on the authority 
of letters from Australia, that Captain Sir Everard Home, 
of tho Calliope, senior officer on the Australian station, was 
very ill. He hud imprudently been on an exploring excur- 
sion to some unhealthy islands contrary to good advice. 
Tendbrs. — The Emigration Commissioners have adver- 
tised for two vessels to carry emigrants to South Australia 
and Victoria. One, for Adelaide, is to be ready on the 28th 
of February; the other, for Melbourne, ou tho 3rd of 
March. 
COLONIAL INTELLIGENCE. 
Van Dieman’s Land. — Downing Street, Jan 17. — 
The Queen has been ploused to make the following appoint- 
ments fur the cohmy of Van Diemen’s Land — viz., Francis 
Smith, Esq , to he Her Majesty’s Solicitor-General ; Edward 
MacDoweli, Esq., to be Crown Solicitor and Clerk of the 
Peace ; Edward Johnstone Manley, Esq., to be Colonial 
Auditor; and John Forster, Esq., to be Accountant of 
Stums. Tuesday’s Gazette. 
Gold Coast. — Her Majesty has also been pleased to 
appoint John Murray, Esq., and Captain John M’Courf, to 
be Members of the Legislative and Executive Councils of 
Her Majesty’s Forts and Settlements on the Gold Coast 
during the temporary absence of H. VY. Firth, aud James 
C. Fitzpatrick, Esqrs.— Tuesday’s Gazette . 
Gibraltar. — From Gibraltar wo have accounts to the 
11th and 12th inst. Business at that date was very dull. 
The two gentlemen who went from Gibraltar to England to 
lay the grievances of the inhabitants of Gibraltar before the 
Duke of Newcastle returned on tho 10th inst. iu the Euxine. 
The land communication between Gibraltar and the Spanish 
lines was still rigidly closed, with no signs of any alteration. 
Great distress prevailed in the city owing to this harsh 
measure. Provisions were scarce and dear. 
Gibraltar, Jan. 12. — Arrived this morning, tho Edina, 
from Smyrna, for Cork ; the Lady Sarah Boyle, from Car- 
diff, for Constantinople; the Mahon Castle, ftom Alexandria, 
for Cork; the Lady Maxwell, from Gasp6, for Gibraltar; 
and the French bark JBon P£re, from Marseilles, for Goree! 
Wind, west. 
The Bermudas.— By the arrival of the Curlew, we 
have received flies of the Bermudian , dated the 21 it Dec. 
The vacancy in the command of the Royal Artillery stationed 
at tiie islands, occasioned by tho death of Lieut-Colonel 
Robe, Is filled up by tho appointment of Lieut.-Colonel H. 
Poole, of the 12th battalion, 11. A. The lato Colonel Ptiill- 
pots’ successor iti the command of the corps of Royal En- 
gineers at tho islands, is Lieut. -Colonel Montgomery 
Williams, R.E., who is expected early in the present year. 
Rear-Admiral Arthur Fanshuwe, C.B., superintendent of 
Portsmouth dockyard, has been nominated by the Admiralty 
to succeed Vice-Admiral Sir G. F. Seymour as Cotomander- 
in-Chief of the Engli h fleet ou tlie North Amoiica and 
West India station. The Bermudian of the 21st says: — 
“ We have heard of no case of yellow fever during the past 
week. We are assured that the troops are now in excellent 
health. There may be isolated cases of sickness of a febrile 
nature; but these islands are free from any epidemic.” A 
subscription list for aid to the sufferers from the late fever 
in the colony has been opeued ut trio public library. His 
Excellency the Governor heads tho list with the sum of 601. 
Our report says: — *‘ Tho temperature of the atmosphere is 
cool and bracing, aud there seems to bo a promise of such 
weather continuing to prevail for a time. At all events, 
the “ wish is father to tlie thought,” since wo had already 
more than enough of a season unprecedentedly wet anil 
changeful.’’ 
Proposed New Colony.— Tho British Packet (Buenos 
Ayres) is endeavouring to call public attention to a river on 
the coast ol Patagonia, in lat. 43*, culled Chubut, which is 
stated by a Mr. Jones, who appears to have visited it some 
years ago, to bo navigable for a considoratile distance into 
the interior towards Chiloe, on tho opposite toast. Mr. 
Jones supposes the distance from tho terminate point of 
navigation to Cliiloo to be very trifling, and a*sor Is Hint the 
Andes south of lat. 37° almost cease to be mountains. A 
laud journey therefore, might be accomplished without 
difficulty. He does not, I believe, venture to suggest rail- 
roads ; but the British Packet , taking occasion to publish 
a letter which appeared in tho Times of the 23rd of Sep- 
tember, suggests the possibility of the Chubut being tho 
shortest route for steam navigation to Australia and New 
Zealand, and advises tho IJuenos Ayrean Government to 
lose no tune in taking formal possession of the country 
south of Rio Negro.” The Packet is, perhaps, not aware 
that a few years since some enterprising Englishmen con- 
templated establishing themselves at the mouth of tho Chu- 
but, which was described to them by one of Captain Fitzroy» a 
officers as tho most eligible spot for a colony on tho whole 
coast south of Ilio Negro. 
Jamaica. — By the royal mail steamship, Solent, Cnpt, 
Jellicoo, arrived at Southampton, wo have advices from 
Jamaica to tlie night of tlio 26th of December, when our 
correspondent closed his despatch. Tho Solent has been 
only fourteen days twenty hours under steam from St. 
Thomas’s ; the consumption of fuel during tlio voyage being 
685 tons. The Jamaica Assembly stood adjourned to the 
17th of January. Prior to the adjournment, the House 
cauie to a determination on the question of responsible 
Government, having decided to introduce a bill authorising 
his Excellency the Governor to appoint two or threo gentle- 
men from tho Assembly und one from the Council, to act as 
Ministers; each gentleman is to get 800/. per annum, and 
500/. are to ho allowed tho Ministry for tho expenses of 
office. This scheme seems to have given very general satis- 
faction, and will, no doubt, bo acted upon by the Governor 
immediately after the recess. Tho weather In tho colony, 
although not so cool ns when our former despatch was 
closed, whs still pleasant. Tho Christmas holidays wero 
passing off quietly. The 25th being Sunday, the public 
market was not hold before the 2Gih. All places of 
worship wero openod aud well attended. The public health 
was satisfactory. 
THE METROPOLIS. 
The Removal op the Law Courts. — A deputation 
from tlio Incorporated Law Society, consisting of Mr. Kin- 
derley, president, Mr. Sudlow, vice-president, with Mr. 
Coverdulc and Mr. Keith Barnes, members of tlie council, 
and Mr. Muughuin, the secretary, uttendod the Earl of 
Aberdeen, ut his official residence in Downing-street, on 
Monday, on the proposed removal of the courts from West- 
minster to the neighbourhood of tho inns of court. The 
deputation stated briefly tlie grounds on which tlioy sup- 
ported the measure — the insufficient number of the present 
courts, there being only five rooms of moderate size and two 
small ones, while not less than 15 or 16 were requisite 
including courts for tlio Lords Justices, (lie Master of the* 
Rolls, and the new Vice-Chancellors, with severul courts of 
Nisi Prius and Appeal, so that tlie application was not merely 
for a removal of the present courts, which wore ill-constructed 
and without sufficient accommodation for the judge*, the 
bar, or for jurors, witnesses, suitors, aud attorneys, but for 
the construction of not less than eight new courts, with con- 
venient rooms and offices. Tho great inconvenience was 
adverted to of the site, distant a mile aud a half from the 
centre of tlie law district, and occasioning a consequent 
delay and expense iu the transaction of business. It was 
also urged thut a favourable opportunity had now occurred 
for clearing the sito of tlie present insufficient courts, and 
appropriating it to tho completion and improvement of the 
Houses of Parliament. It was also proposed to concentrate 
all the offices of the several courts of law and equity under 
the same roof. Lord Aberdeen expressed a very favourable 
opinion on the subject, both in regard to tlie inconvenience 
aud insufficiency of the present courts, and the great public 
improvement which would be effected by their removal to 
the neighbourhood of tho inns of court. Ilis lordship also 
staled that lie had communicated witli tho Lord Chancellor, 
and that tho measure had his sanction. The deputation 
explained tlio various means by which it was proposed to 
raise the requisite fund— namely, by the sale of the various 
offices now occupied in different parts of the inns of court 
and Chancery; by the saving of the rent of numerous other 
offices; by tlie value of tho site of tho present courts; but 
especially from a limited portion of the accumulated fund in 
the Court of Chancery, which had arisen in the shape of 
interest from the investment of the surplus casli and divi- 
dends, but to which tho suitors had no legal claim. Ills 
lordship observed, that the appropriation of part of tlmt 
fund would require consideration. He would investigate 
the subject, and have an early interview with the Chancellor 
of tlio Exchequer. Tho deputation also attonded Sir Wm. 
Moles worth, the Chief Coinmisioner of Public Works, when 
the plans and estimates wero produced, and full explanation 
given of the inconvenieucies sought to bo removed, und of 
the advantages to bo obtained both by tlie suitors and the 
public generally, by the purchase and appropriation of the 
proposed site. Sir William Molcsworth inquired into tlie 
sources from which the expense was proposed to be defrayed, 
ami intimated that it had long been his opinion that the 
courts should be removed to the place proposed, and pro- 
mised to give his favourable attention to the subject. 
Discovery of Treasure in an Ancient Tavern. 
Tlie very ancient tavern, or inn, known as the Cock and 
Tabard, situated in Totliill-street, Westminster, is described 
by Stowe to have existed since the reign of Edward III., and 
to have been that where the workmen wero paid during the 
building of Old Westminster Abbey, when the wages of most 
of tho artificers did not exceed one penny per day. q'his 
house, the property of Joseph Carter Wood, Esq., of the 
Artillery Breivory, Westminster, was, a few mouths since, 
pulled down, and in its stead an appropriate modern edifice 
lias, by his order, been erected by Mr. Edsor, of Vauxhall- 
bridge-road, builder. A few days siuco the draymen belong- 
ing to Messrs. Wood were in the act of placing a supply of 
porter in the cellars, when it was discovered that an additional 
piece ofstillion was required, and accordingly one of the men 
looking round perceived o piece of oak, which had formed 
part of one of the gilders of the ancient building. This, it 
was conceived, wouid answer the purpose, if it could bo riven 
asunder, and this process was accordingly pursued. Much 
to the amazement, however, of all present, in the course of 
tlie operation tliero suddenly emerged, from one of tho 
mojtice-Uoles or some other aperture, a considerable quan- 
tity of gold coins, consisting of 41 rose nobles and 13 murks. 
Tlie former coins are of the date of Edward III., the flrsjt 
reign in which gold coin was struck iu this country. Tlie 
marks are of the reign of Henry VII. and VIII. Tho whole 
of tho coin was in an admirnb e state of preservation, and 
tlio rose nobles particularly aro at tlio present time worth 
intrinsicully upwards of 30 s. each, although the value of the 
whole to tlio unliquariau cannot be estimated. Tlie entiro 
treasure, thus extraordinarily discovered, is now iu tiio 
possession of Mr. J. C. Wood. 
Extensive Robbery of Jewellery. — On Sunday 
afternoon, a vvell-dres'cd man knocked ut the door of Dr. 
Dixon, 45, Green-street, Grosvenor-squure, and was answered 
by tlio pago boy, whom tlie man requested to bo kind enough 
to feich him his spectacle case, which ho had accidentally 
dropped down the area. The page, suspecting nothing 
wrong, invited tho inau into tlio hull while lie went for tho 
spectacle case, which on hie return he handed to the mau, who 
