February 11 .] 
the field. 
F.-ii. ii, Saturday. 
12, Sunday.. 
" l.i, Monday. 
14, Tuesday . 
HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE, 1851. 
JIOIIN. EVEN. 
ii. m. n. m. 
1.14 1.37 
. 1.57 2.1U 
. ass 
. 3.n i.ao 
Mony. even. 
Feb. 15, Wednesday.... .1.41 ails' 
„ 10, Thursday 4.1S 4.31 
„ 17, Friday 4.48 o. 0 
„ 18, Saturday 5.23 o.-U 
To »n»P Places, take the above time at London 
Bridge, and add or subtract the tirno in the following Table. 
SOOrBAOT FROM LONDON BRIDGE. 
II. u 
Brighton — 3 
ADD TO LONDON I1HIDGE. 
Boulogne 2 41 
Calais..-.-- 3 
Chester Bar.. J 37 
Cowes :l 
publin " J 
Dover Pier. . 2 57 
Duniiose . ... • 
HrnTCSend. • 6 37 
Hrceuoek 2 22 
Greenwich . . o 20 
Havre 4 15 
Tlarwicli a" 37 
Ipswich 2 7 
Lowestoft 3 371 
Margate •„> ol 
Needles 4 22 
Jfove 0 on 
Ostoud. i 19 
Portsmouth .. 2 27 
Ramsgate 2 47 
Shorohum .... 2 02 . 
Southampton 9 27 : 
Spitboad. 4 37. 
Amsterdam. 
A ntwerp 
; Brest 
Bridport . . . 
Cherbourg . 
I Cardigan.... 
(Cork 
Downs 
I Exmouth,.. 
.Fowoy 
I Guernsey... . 
Hamburgh. 
n. u. 
... 0 S3 
... 2 18 
. . 1 30 
... 3 53 
.. 0 23 
. . 4 03 
... 2 23 
... 3 38 
..4 18 
... 3 23 
... 4 23 
. . . 3 53 
n. m. 
numher.mth. 
of 3 23 
Laud's End... 2 23 
Leith 0 16 
Milfordllaven3 38 
Plymouth — 3 23 
Rotterdam.... u 63 
Torbay.. 3 05 
Weymouth.... 4 23 
Whitby 1 38 
Wjaheach 5 23 
Youghnl 2 53 
CLUB MEETINGS, 1854 
IVb. 15, Wednesday . Annual Ball of the Royal Thames Yacht Club. 
" n !f ne8ddy -Monthly Meeting of the Liverpool Yacht Club. 
>' ll' .... Lecture before the Prince of Wales' Yacht Club. 
” Mooday Meeting ol the Royal London Yacht Club. 
" - 1 7 ’ w’!!: d ; V ,r ■ • •£ r '"? e of '' r,lles Model Yacht Club Meeting. 
Mar. 1, Wednesday .Meetings of the Royal Thames Yacht Club, and 
Birkenhead Model Yacht Club. 
” ? ’ ’ " >J ee . t , ing of the Prince of Wales' Yacht Club. 
., 4, Saturday . .Meeting of the Royal Harwich Yacht Club. 
„ (I, Monday. . . .Meeting of the London Model Yacht Club. 
» . a) y * of the Royal Mersey Yacht Club. 
” i •' -MontWy Meeting of the Liverpool Yacht Clnb. 
” Thin sday . .Ball of the Royal London Yacht Club 
” on mi ■ • • - Lecture before the Prince of Wales Yacht Club 
. •’ . Monday Meeting of the Royal London Yacht Club. 
April 1, Saturday . . Meeting of the Royal Harwich Yacht Club 
” in' Wednesday .Meeting of the Birkenhead Model Yacht Club 
,! J » Wednesday .Monthly Meeting of the Liverpool Yacht Club 
May 21 , Wednesday (Queen's Birthday), Annual Meeting of the Roval 
Victoria Yacht Club, at the Thatched Hoise 
lavern, St. Jnmes's-slreet. 
SAILING MATCHES. 
March -.-Match between the Irreslstiblo, Mr. Gardner, P W Y C and 
the Blue-eyed Maid, Commodore Tuckwcll, L.M.Y Club CmS 
from Erith to the Chapman and back. ' D ' course, 
AP nLT; _Mat nL bC . t ' V M n f! 10 Idas * salIed b T SIr - banner, and the 
Albatross sailed by Mr. Berncastle. Course, Blackwall to Graves! 
end and back. 
^L fed;— Priyqte match between Jessica and Sirocco, L.Y.C , pro 
I Tided It blows a single reefed breeze. * pro 
127 
ROYAL MERSEY YACHT CLUB. 
On Tuesday evening the monthly meeting was held at the 
club house Duke-street, Liverpool. The commodore, 
Thoma> Littledale, Esq., presided, supported by his officers 
and other members. After the minutes were confirmed 
the commodore took the opportunity of touching, in feeline 
terms, upon the loss the club had sustained since they last 
assembled by the death of the treasurer, Richard Kav, Esq. 
fhe financial statement of the past year was submitted, after 
fc an? S * wl“ 8i i Ded by the officers a PP°inted, B. 
inn! Ip T* ' Vllkln8on > Squires, and was received with 
Erne amnnnT ° n ' “ ap P eared ’ tliat after expending a 
large amount m prizes, together with the usual current 
122*5 theT l ati8fac i!f 0ry ba,ance stiH remain * d in the 
bands of tho bankers, Messrs. Arthur Heywood and Son* 
§fii r?ew rC on a e ry h Henry Mel !i Dg ’ Esq -’ Wdl act as ^^urer 
87Z liLTfl a PP° inted ' The accounts show that 
l b11, los ■ 6rZ - liad been expended in 1853 in prizes and 
fe D 3 S r" teQding i be Sai L ing Inatches ' ^ addition to this^ 
of if' , ? r f aiSed by subsci 'ipt>ons (chiefly by the liberality 
!tw 8) f0, ;, the grand re ° atta held ™ Mersey? 
Lai U y aSt) on the occasion of the splendid cup, of lOOf 
»l«e presented to the club by he/ Majesty, ™ki„“ a 
r/eL. 5I2 e 18s - M - iD prizes and soling „«Tch 
expenses, given under the auspices of this club during ,h e 
dL Sea8 d n ;b Several " a ™ 8 ' voro handed in for “h e “next 
allot, and the rest of the evening was spent discussion- the 
amount of prizes to be given during the coming season ? hut 
h May. 101 ^ taken int ° m ° r ° immediate consideration 
PRINCE OF WALES YACHT CLUB. 
lhS° n ^R T the eight S en tlemen proposed for the March 
I r t Rli thereCe S tm ° ntb,y meetin gon the 3rd inst wore 
|V G RpS bl p 80n ’ tsq ;’ A ” adne 33 tons > and Vixen 25 ’tons • 
Reed, Esq., yacht Conundrum, 4 tons- and t>’ 
opezdeGuibara,a Spanish gentleman^ aid act an 
A VOte of thank8 was passed 
iiples of Yftfhf tolented exposition of the “ Prin- 
f w “ s directed I° rw ard^ the same, engrosBed^n 
Itually in han d g Po!l d ffi h T V pmos by the balance 
i myrtl e \ ni a> Battersea, payable at Chelsea. 
LONDON MODEL YACHT CLUB. 
i,s * 
nice— vi z 011 ,| 10 C ai an(1 has since met 
Cl 'ipUons became ri~ 10 • ? len the ann,ial sub- 
Hruary insUnT whonVb,, “ , Monday last > «>e 6th of 
lio oxcent! «„« ?* , • ? amen ded rules were passed with 
% follows: — March 6th tnril q ° f ever y month, 
tendance at thf co d fourteen members being also in 
® bair r '! a ?i5 akea b l Vice-Commodore Williams. Mr. Secre- 
sulfiect to th^wbl d minate8 of tl,e previous meeting, which, 
firmed I! h , drawa ! of a Sentleman's name, were con! 
memher b 1 U 1? T- The Com, nodore stated, that if any 
Sch nlm« ad ? bj K C i‘° n t0 an y 006 on ‘he candidates' list^ 
f?” “ ame mu , 8t b ® ballotted for separately ; but if no obiec- 
5 ° made » the w,1 ole could be ballotted for at oLe. 
ir n ilnh Ct ' 0,le ’, U would not be necessary to specify 
eeneralTv Jha?®. gen, K. eraan ob j ected t0 - ba ‘ ^mply to state 
SSf« P J ly i h « at objection unfortunately existed. No 
hnlW ° n b ! ', ,g made on tbe P resen ‘ occasion, a single 
ballot was taken, and Messrs. Barrow, Broughton, Barker, 
and Stock well, were elected members of the club. For the 
posed- "nr "!?’- tbe r ib ! lowing gentlemen have been pro- 
i";r ', Ti/ ul,a Yucbt) ’ Dr - Guest (Alice), Mr. 
rwri ( °x at „ a) » Mr ' J ' W est (Gnat b), Mr. E. Gunner 
nlm«^ re 3’ o* S’ Frost (Kate), Mr. Van (Yacht not yet 
«f M f* ®* T HowUt i J un . (Conundrum), and Messrs. 
’ J - Lain g, J. Bishop, J. Wentzell, W. Pearce, 
Marshall, etc. The club is evidently rising in tbe estimation 
ot Yachtsmen, and we understand that several additions are 
about to bo made to the list of life-members, by payment of 
the lee of three guineas, which exempts life-members from all 
annual subscriptions. Mr. Secretary Crabb next read the 
minutes of the Sailing Committee, after which a discussion 
commenced. 
A gentleman on the right of the Commodoreproposed, and 
the Rear-Commodore seconded the motion — “That the 
rules, as amended by the Sailing Committee, be now passed 
and confirmed. Carried unanimously, after some little 
conversation, bo that the Fundamental Rule printed in 
_1he Field ' of December 24, p. 607, remains intact. 
It was also agreed, on the motion of Messrs. Knight and 
Bundock, that the model-boats racing on the Serpentine be 
henceforth exempted from entrance-fees. This does not 
apply to craft large enough to carry a crew, but simply to 
the thousand-inch boats. On the proposition of the Rear- 
Commodore, seconded by Mr. Gibbons, it was decided that 
the bailing Committee meet on Monday, the 20th of February 
to draw up bye-laws, and that they make their report to'a 
special meeting of the club on the 6th of March. On the 
motion of Mr. Gibbons, Mr. Farley, of Fleet-street, was 
appointed flag-maker to the London Model Yacht Club 
The colours of the club are tho red ensign of Her Majesty’s 
fleet without any devico, and a red burgee, having a white 
nautilus thereon, a device also suggested for the club- 
buttons. It is a rule of this club to provide their fla"- 
ofheers with their broad pendants, which are returned to the 
club on their quitting office. 
c A ^ et Jf r f, ' om tbe Admiralty was read by the Secretary. 
1 HE Field ” was voted as the yachting paper to be taken 
by the club, to be kept on the table for reference at every 
meeting; and, on the motion of Mr. Bertram, seconded by 
Mr. Gibbons, a new bookcase was ordered, for the reception 
of the naval and other volumes already promised to the club. 
Many.other points, were brought forward; and after drinking 
the health of the chairman, und some other toasts, and sing- 
ing, the members broke up for the night. 
PRINCE OF WALES MODEL YACHT CLUB. 
Ox Monday evening, January 30, the members of this 
club held their first monthly meeting, for 1854, for general 
business, and to decide on propositions concerning the 
matches of the ensuing season, in which several now models 
will be brought out. The next meeting will be hold on 
Monday, February 27, at the club-house, the Duke of 
Wellington, University-street, Tottenham-court-rond. Tho 
funds of this club are expended in prizes, to be sailed for by 
models on the Serpentine. The printed rules of the club 
have not yet reached us. 
Portsmouth, Feb. 7. — The Fairy yacht was taken into 
the steam basin to-day. 
Piscatorial Jesuitry,— “ My boy! my bov ! you do 
very wrong to fish on Sunday.” Boy,— “ It can't do no 
harm, Sir; I arn’t catcht nuffin.” 
0F THE Romp.— We hear that the celebrated 
little Romp has just changed hands, through the instru- 
mentality of Mr. Ceely. She is only two years old, and 
was built from tho designs of Mr. Waterman, jun. We 
believe that something like £250 was tho present cost price 
and we question whether any other romp even in the 
Circassian market, if but two years old, would have fetched 
the same amount. This sum seems high for an eDht 
tonner, but the purchaser, Mr. Muraford, is no doubt 
aware that so beautiful a vessel is seldom to be procured 
We believe she will still remain in the Thames, and swell the 
increasing list of the Prince of Wales Yacht Club. 
NAVAL ARCHITECTURE. 
[From “The New York Exhibition Illustrated.”] 
It would be foreign to the objects aimed at in the 
Record,” to attempt more than a mere popular elucidation 
of the principles of the science ,of naval architecture, in 
which the results of the last few years have established the 
United States in an eminent position. In the infancy of 
the republic, a happy preservation of neutrality in the 
European wars, placed her, in connection with England 
then the most powerful maritime nation, in possession of the 
carrying trade of the world. The English merchantmen 
were compelled to sail in company under the protection of 
vh!^ni )r i nCi * ) ' e8 wbicb may prove advantageous. A con- 
little heneflT 0 ^ “8tration of the solid of least resistance is of 
MS i." ; 1 ' 11 ! r “ ord8 °I mere facta of much lew 
a facilitv « tbbS ° mv<dved m this science have proved 
nec^arvt S 2, ? bserva ‘i° a and omission, it becomes 
natural nhlln'Mnh* ** that conflicts with the known laws of 
no b^ in P nl£ f y ’ and , cautious >y receive whatever may 
bu u2rtZl a , nC °. With : ea30D - P^e theory is perfect; 
but, unfortunately, too often becomes so onlv when the 
“waVr// 1 V’ appiied h “ s pVft«°ef 8 ° 
ot le r di,n ensions and conditions remaining con- 
iSance “fTbewttt f l ,0ngth is t0 decrease the diroefc 
resistance ot tho water to the passage of the hull anil to 
diminish the leeway and violence of the rolling and pitching 
motions. As, in tho passage of the vessel, a distance cor? 
responding to its length, tho water is divided and separated 
a veSeT e 200 Q feVt°l thebrea n h ° f the 66Ction> il {oUows that 
a vessel 200 feet long, will transmit no more motion in 
hnlf’fl? 2 ?°/ eet ’ lhan one of half the le "S‘h Will in going 
half the distance; the longer vessel would displace double 
the quantity of water, but would communicate to each par- 
fiom thJ ha n f the velocit y which would have received 
from the smaller oue ; and as fluid resistance varies as tho 
squares of the velocities, the resistance to ships, other things 
being equal, vanes in an inverse ratio with the squares of 
their lengths. The length being doubled, theoretically con- 
sidering this element alone, it would require but ono quarter 
of the power. The benefit derived from the superiority of 
acute angles for cleavage, is practically limited by the 
trictionofthe immersed surface, and insufficient buoyancy 
ot the ends. The retardation occasioned by the friction of 
the water has been too generally disregarded, and its im- 
portance is only realised by making a calculation on a sea- 
steamer, where the power is known from an indicator, and 
which will show that nearly one-half the power utilised in 
propelling the vessels is absorbed by the friction of the 
water on its immersed surface. The experiments of Col. 
Beaufoy establish the friction of a square foot of smooth 
surface moving on the water at the rate of ten feet per 
second, to be six-tenths of a pound ; and at deep immersions 
it must be greater. The failure of the steamboat Rainbow, 
built in New York about twelve years ago, to make tho 
trips on the Hudson River in some incredibly short time 
exemplifies the evil effect of excessive length. 
Breadth affects the stability, and, when carried to an 
injurious extent, endangers the safety of the spars ; and, by 
enlarging the midship section, increases the direct resistance 
to motion. It is difficult to upset a shingle, and the ex- 
cessive breadth giving it this quality, is also the cause of 
the sluggish motions which admits of its being washed over 
by every sea. It is highly advantageous for ocean steamers 
to possess a large amount of buoyancy at tho load lines, for 
purpose of lessening tho difference of drafts and variable 
action of paddlo-wlieels, which, in leaving port deeply im- 
mersed, frequently dissipate twenty-five per cent, of tho power 
of the engines in oblique action, and after burning six or 
eight hundred Iods of coal, close the voyage with "so little 
hold on the water, that nearly the whole power is extended 
a convoy and the movements of the entire squadron being 
legulated by those of the dullest sailer, supertor qualities of 
speed were of no benefit, and the skill of her builders was 
centred upon attaining the greatest possible capacity from 
the measured dimensions. Her absurd tonnage laws after- 
wardssustained the evil until tho system whs too deeply rooted 
to be readily cast aside ; and even at this day, so superior 
are tho American ships, that British merchants prefer them 
as investments, and own a large portion of the stock of the 
American transatlantic liners and packet ships 
The mathematical solutions of the various ‘problems in- 
volved in shipbuilding are so largely modified by practice 
that there is no necessity for following them further than to 
enabJe us to establish with certainty the effects of the 
different proportions, and, by experimenting understanding! v 
avoid a repetition of error, nnd oxpandto their fullest extent 
m dashing the water backward. In a fast-sailing ship 
intended to be weatherly, the draft is determined by the 
necessity for a hold on the water to prevent leeway. la 
steamers, and particularly in river steamers, where the 
power is applied parallel to the keel, and there are fewer 
disturbing forces acting upon the hull, the depth of hold 
and draft of water may be made much less. 
The midship section of a ship is a cross section at its widest 
part, and as the gradation to the ends is gradual, it repre- 
sents generally the figure of the body of the ship, and the 
qualities g.ven by its peculiar shape, determine the character 
of the vessel. A cylinder floatiug on tho water has no sta- 
bility, because tho shape of the immersed portion remaining 
unchanged, tho centre of buoyancy, or centre of gravity of 
‘ ba bollow made in the water by the floating body, and in 
which ,the whole upward or sustaining force of the water 
