128 
may be supposed to bo concentrated, remains in any position 
outlie cylinder in the vortical lino passing through its centre 
of gravity. In a flat, rectangular figure, tl.u centro of 
bouvancy is directly under the centre of gravity when floating 
on its side, bat when inclined by the application of forco 
until the water hue is no longer parallel to the Mtle, but 
corresponds with a diagonal of tlie figure, tlio centre of 
buoyancy is ono-third ol tho width from the immersed edge, 
and operates as the whole weight of the displacement at tho 
end of a lover, whose longth is tho horizontal distunce 
between u vertical lino passing through it and the centre « 
gravity of the bodv, which remains as before. As tins latter 
figure is difficult of inclination, it will not meet tho force of 
waves by rising readily and quickly, and when the difficulty 
of motion is overcome, the bearings or limits u inc mu 
are so suddenly reached, that the motion is abruptly cheeked. 
Should it be loaded in such a manner that « vertical lino 
passing through the centro of gravity of tho mass fulls out- 
side of tho centre of buoyancy, tho force.-* of g™ v » l J 
buoyancy will uct in concert, and turn the body over until the 
displacement becomes such that tho two centres are In ver- 
tical line. Tho midship section is shaped with reference to 
the disturbing forco. and should ho so nicely adjusted that 
there is no wide difference between the solid lifted from the 
water by the rolling of the ship, and that immersed by thosamo 
process— the preponderance of the latter determining the 
lose and smoothness with which the vessel recovers her 
upright position. Tho greatest breadth is above the load 
water-line, and there is no very good reason why the sides 
should full in or 14 tumble Imme " above, n> is usually prac- 
tised. Custom or fashion sanctions it, as it once did the 
heavy bowsprit, rakish sheer, and overhanging stern, which 
were* deemed essential to at least a shipshape appearance, 
but are now discarded. 
Theoretical considerations alone will warrant tho use or 
hollow lines as tl.o readiest way of moving tho opposing 
water, but friction and other disadvantages attendant upon 
a long, thin bow, with insufficient buoyancy to support 
itself, will probably more than compensate for the diminished 
direct resistance.’ In tho American ocean steamers, tho 
gradual Hare and easy rise of the how, with no supeifluous 
weight has given them a world-wide reputation for freedom 
from pitching and facility in meeting tl.o waves. The sumo 
considerations of pitching and 'scending apply to the stern, 
which should possess the requisito fulness ubove the water, 
graduated to avoid the occurrence of violent and sudden 
shocks, und bo relieved of all unnecessary weight, which, m 
such a pluce. is rendered more injurious by its leverage. 
The water filling into tho vucuity left by tho passage ol a 
ve^el, does so with a rapidity proportioned to the pressure 
or depth, und consequently with a velocity decreasing towards 
the surface where it should bo quiescent. To facilitate this 
action, the upper water lines require to he full, and the 
lower ones finely tapered, so that the diagonal lines repre- 
senting the probable course of the water, have a quick ascent 
from the keel, and approach tho horizontal at the surface. 
It was found l hut the steamboat John Noilson, which bus a 
peculiar flat floor gradually rising aft, for the purpose of 
retaining a stratum of air pumped under her bottom to 
lessen its friction, is improved by an application of false 
stern in conformity witli the principle above recorded ; which 
is not a generally recognised one, although carried out to 
some extent iu the yacht America, and other recently- 
modelled clippers. Ily tho courtesy of her modeller, George 
Steers. Esq., we are enabled to furnish a drawing of tho 
after-body of the America, exemplifying the various water 
lines and 'diagonals used in the draught of a ship. 
The calculations of the size and position of tho sails require 
a knowledge merely of the simple problems of resolution and 
composition of forces, and may bo easily examined in detail ; 
but. as in those of the hull, although the abstract principles 
are simple when examined singly, their combination to 
produce the desired result involves a sagacity and powers of 
observation, analysis, and application, not surpassed in any 
other profession, and not at ull lessened by the fact that they 
aro not made to apply to particular circumstances, but must 
correspond to the varying requirements of trade and travel 
frequently involving un antagonism of principles, lake, 
for instance, tho consideration of steering qualities It is 
desirable on account of safety that a vessel should carry a 
weather-helm to counteract a tendency to come nearer tho 
wind, and there is no doubt but it materially assists the pro- 
gress of the vessel by diminishing the leeway ; but when tho 
sails and hull are ‘so badly adapted, that they require n 
constant and material corrective action of tho helm, tho 
retarding effect of the rudder must bo very considerable. 
A model of the pilot boat Enchantress, by D. D. Wes- 
tervelt, is the best in the Exhibition to illustrate the steering 
qualities of a ship. With a light, buoyant bow to rise 
readily over tho waves, and a deep, loan stern, she will steer 
easily and quick, but requires a reudy eye and baud to meet 
the seas on either bow, which would cause her to lull from 
her course. A great difference in the draft forward Hnd aft 
is objectionable on account of tho necessity for deep water, 
but is necessary in vessels of this class to counteract tho 
effect of the preponderating after sails. 
(To be continued.) 
THE FIELD. 
TYNB Amateur ltowi no CLOII.-At the quarterly meeting of 
the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Town Council, held in tl.o Guildhall, 
on Wednesday, tl.o 1st inst., a letter was read from Mr. bopt 
Bell the secretary of the above club, formed at tho beginning or 
]„,t 'year, now numbering upwards of 110 members, and having 
his grace tho Duke of Northumberland as a patron, soliciting the 
favour of the names of tho Mayor and Corpora lion ns patrons and 
honorary members of tho club, a request which, on the motion 
of Mr. 0. F. Uaiuond, seconded by Mr. M. L. Jobling, was com- 
plied with. 
• We shall /eel obliged by the Seeretariet of “Roving Clubs , " and 
others, font jr ding their appointments of Matches or Notices of 
Meetings, to eome, at their early convenience . 
MATCHES APPOINTED. 
Pfb. 15.— Lindtay nnd Hhaftoe, of Newcastle, row mealier boat match 
for 10/. a .hie. The race will take place below bridge, from 
Hawk., Crawshoy, uml Co.’s quay, to A) re's .aw mills, n 
distance of nearly two miles; 3J. a side is now deposited, 
the remainder to bo made good on Saturday previous to 
the race. 
Mar. 14 James Messenger, of Teddlngton, nnd James Candllsh, of 
Newcastle, to row on the Tyne for 100/. o side. 
April 14.— Messrs. T. Wilson and O. Wddbour r. Messrs. B. Jackson 
and H. U .rdon, to row from Chiswick Eyot to Putney Bridge 
—10/. a side. 
17.— T. Taylor, of Ouseburn, mid W. Patterson, of Gateshead, to 
row for 30/. a side from the High Level Bridge to Scotswood 
Suspension Bridge. 
Tub Oxponn and CAMDRinnz EianT-*Hn Match.— T he 
grand match between the two Universities will take place in tho 
Har ter vacation, at Putney. The Oxford crew is partly selected, 
and some of them have already commenced active training. 
OUR GENERAL WIND-UP OF THE SEASON 1853. 
THE LANSD0WNE (BATH) CLUB AND THEIR MATCHES. 
Hi: who may have graduated at Oxford during the last 
eight or ten years would, upon looking at any match 
in which the members of this Club are engaged, almost 
fancy that he was once again “ up at Oxford,” seeing that 
the largest majority of those members have, within those 
years, held a considerable position in the respective elevens 
of that University, whilst they have, moreover, amongst 
them one of tho best gentlemen bowlers of that period in 
the person of Mr. G. Yonge. 
If we remember rightly, the “ Lansdowne Club,” at its 
formation, was constituted somewhat on the sntnc prin- 
ciple, in one particular, ns that which lms been the leading 
characteristic of I Zingari, namely, — having a view to the 
encouragement of ‘‘gentlemen howlers;” and we are by 
no means singular in entertaining tho opinion, that if it 
similar course were adopted more generally, we should not 
so frequently have dunned into our ears — not merely that 
there are but few, if any, gentlemen bowlers, but nn as- 
sertion that gentleincp. cannot bowl. The gentlemen could 
howl, and bowl well too, some years since ; but in those 
days they were ns regular in their practice in that depart- 
ment as most of the followers of the game of late have 
been with the “ bat ’* against professional bowlers. The 
consequence of this altered state of tilings is, that whilst 
there is a vast increase in the number of good batsmen 
among the gentlemen, so there is a large diminution in the 
number of oven moderately fair bowlers in that body ; and 
with respect to what maybe denominated good “public 
match howling” talent, the limit ns to numbers is extra- 
ordinarily small. This question, therefore, naturally 
arises— Why this alteration ?— why this scarcity of gentle- 
men bowlers ? 
The reply is very simple— the want of practice. And 
yet, plain as is the explanation, there are those of good 
standing in the cricket world by whom the cause of the 
defalcation will bo neither received nor admitted. These 
sceptics will mostly be found among gentlemen who, not 
having naturally “a turn” of mind for howling, or those 
who will not practise, have now and then made an attempt 
with little or no success, nnd who have thereupon become 
believers in the opinion that it is impossible for gentlemen 
to bowl. Now, even though these personages do not 
possess the natural talent, or the genius of bowling, they 
must permit the writer, as a practical man, to inform them 
that, had they devoted one-half of the time to the practice 
of that branch of the game which they have given to the 
cultivation of their “ batting,” they must be more than 
usually small in capability had they not become tolerably 
fair bowlers, although the first, or the better sort of the 
second class of effectiveness would, in all human proba- 
bility, still have been unattainable by them. “Practice” 
is that proceeding which enables the accomplishment of 
perfection, more or less, in everything ; and a certain 
amount of that labour is required, even with those who are 
peculiarly gifted in any art, or in any science, in order to 
the approachment of that much-coveted object ; und it is 
because the gentlemen of the present day evade this work 
that we have the paucity railed against. The truth is, that 
with the great majority of the gentlemen, the inclination 
of lute lias been to be bowled at rather than to bowl ; nnd 
therein lies the secret. Let us put a question or two. 
l)o they suppose that all the professional bowlers are born 
fine bowlers ? and do they imagine that such gentlemen 
as have proved themselves to be efficient in that respect, 
came into the world with the effective ball, and the 
effective style of delivery, at their fingers' ends ? We are 
sure a moment’s reflection will point out to them the folly 
of 6uch an assumption. No ; nature has been more 
bountiful to some than to others, even as regards 
Cricket, without doubt; and, therefore, with practice 
they have been able to achieve thut which their 
compeers have in vain attempted : but it lias been 
the “Practice” which has carried them to this point 
of triumph over their fellows. Do that class of our 
friends to whom we refer, picture to their own minds that 
the bowlers at Lord’s, at the Oval, or at any other ground, 
have gained their excellence without almost constant 
practice? Wily, one of these very friends not many months 
since, in a conversation which lie had himself commenced 
on the subject with the writer, after mentioning several of 
the professional bowlers who are connected with the 
‘ All England,” nnd 14 United Elevens,” said “ Ah, it is no 
wonder they arc so difficult to play, and that they get so 
many wickets, for they are always at it.” Do not these 
few words maintain our position upon this subject : 
namely, that to approach or to achieve efficiency in 
bowling, as in everything else, you must take your practice. 
Nihil omnt ex parte perfectum natura expoltvlt. 
Then we conceive that there is always something to 
learn, something more to acquire, or something open to 
improvement: 
Nihil perfectum, cam vel ml) Id, vcl adlmi qulcquum potest. 
May it be our pleasing duty, us the season of the present 
year progresses, to point out many instances of the 
endeavours of gentlemen, by a fair amount of practice, to 
become good bowlers. 
And it has been with that end in consideration that the 
leaders of I Zingari and the Lansdowne Club have carried 
on their operations. We have been led into this digression 
from the more immediate object of the present notice, by 
the mention of the name of Mr. G. Yonge, who, when nt 
Eton, gave great promise of excellence as u bowler, and 
who subsequently, when at Oxford, maintained his practice, 
[Saturday, 
and in that way in due time fully realised the prognostica- 
tions of others as well as of ourselves, to the effect that he 
would become one of tho best gentlemen bowlers of his 
dav. 
Of the Lansdowne Club, then, Mr. Yonge is a leading 
member; and it is of the doings of himself and colleagues 
that we are about to speak. 
It was hut natural that a club comprising many old 
Oxonians should open their season In opposition to those 
who had succeeded them nt their own university; and 
accordingly, on the 30th of May, such of the Lausdownians 
ns could run up were found at Oxford. But they were 
without their principal bowler,— a circumstance that con- 
tributed in no trifling degree to the discomfiture with which 
they met. , , „„ 
Having obtained the first innings, they scored 66 nnd 96, 
or 162 whilst the University made up the large number of 
155 in their earlier hands, thus leaving them hut eight runs 
to gain in their second innings to win. These runs they 
placed upon the paper without the loss of a wicket, hence 
they were proclaimed the victors by ten wickets. The 
double numbers were contributed bv Mr. B. Forster, 13 
nnd 13 ; Mr. C. Slocock, 14 and 2 ; by Mr. 11. Aitken, 
0 and 10 ; by Mr. J. Marshall, 16 and 32; by M. A. Jones, 
14 and 3; and by Mr. G. Fuller, 0 and 11. Then for the 
University the two-figured scores were given by the Hon. 
C. E. Leigh, 41 ; I) v Mr. R. Colley, 27 ; by Mr. A. Cuze- 
nove, 24 ; by Mr. It. llankey, 14 ; by Mr. It. Clement, 13 ; 
and bv Mr. W. G. Armitstead, 12. 
The next match the Lansdowne Club played was against 
the Pm-ton Club. This contest took place at Bath, to 
which city we propose to travel in our next. 
WiKKSWORTii Cricket Ground. — This capital piece 
of selected land presented last month, during the frost and 
snow, quite a new feature. From the sudden changes from 
thaw to frost, it bore quite a coating ol not at all in- 
different ice; nnd the members, some of them, were 
observed to enjoy a ltttlc of that healthy exercise, 
“skating” — rather a novel and singular change of 
recreation on a cricket field. 
notices of §oolts. 
Bentley’s Miscellany. 
The feature of this miscellany is Mr. Shirley Brooks’s novel 
of “ Aspen Court,” now rapidly advancing to completion. Of 
its structure ami character we shall, as heretofore, postpone 
mention until it is finished, and the rclativo value and 
position of the personages introduced can he ascertained. 
The great success which tho tale lias obtained is at present 
duo, we conceive, to special scenes and portraits, but tho 
author lias had far too much dramatic experience to let us 
suppose that he is not working up to a climax, in which the 
numerous and strongly-drawn characters, as Lord Kookbury, 
the Jesuit priest, Mr. Wilmslow, and tho hero, Carlvun, 
will come out effectively. This and tho last numbers have 
been devoted to a theatrical history, in which managers, 
authors, actresses, and ull the staff of a theatre, play their 
parts. Mr. Brooks has also taken in bund an “ institution,” 
for which lie lias small reverence, and in regard to which 
lie evidently desires that the public should share his feeling 
—the Lord Chamberlain, considered as the dramatic cen- 
sor. The scene which lie describes us taking place between 
the uuthor, Curlyon, and Lord Doveton, is obviously the 
result of personal experience. We can bear testimony to 
its accuracy, and to the fidgetty liyporcriticism of tho office 
whore pluys are licensed ; and we are glad to assist the 
writer’s object by extracting the carefully-written scene 
HOW TUB LORD Cll AMUKRLAIN TREATS A l’LAY. 
“When Carlyon entered tho theatre on the Saturday, tho 
manager met him with a vexed countenance, and put the manu- 
script of the play into his hand. 
“ ‘ Do you know tho Lord Chamberlain’s offleo? ’ he asked. 
“ ‘ Yes',' said Bernard ; 4 1 have seen n brass plate at St. 
James’s palace, with some such words on it.’ 
‘“Then get into n cub, and go down and see his lordship, and 
convince him that there's nothing in your play calculated to 
bring down the constitution, either in Church or State, or else 
wo can’t produce it on Monday. I have had a note from Mr- 
Anlnce, saying that we are not to have the licence.’ 
“ Lord Doveton, tho Lord Cliumherlain, was the most ainiablo 
of men. He would not willingly have caused or permitted 
suffering to any human being. But if there were on exception 
to Ins rule of kindness— if there were anybody for whom ho did 
not entertain so warm a sympathy as for iho rest of the world, it 
was un uuthor. But oven an author, much as Lord Doveton 
deplored his existence, he would not have put harshly out of the 
world. His lordship would have shut him up in a pleosunt 
garden, with plenty of 4 Court Guides’ nnd ‘ Bed Books’ to make 
him happy (taking care that there was no Eve to preserve tho 
raco of undesirable beings), nnd would have kept him there until 
ho became painlessly extinct. Lord Dovoton was not un obtuse 
man ; on the contrary, lie had done statesman's service in In® 
time, but he could never see the uso of an author. Plato would 
not have more rigidly excluded a poet from a model State, thnn 
Lord Dovetou would, if ho onuld have done it gently, have 
banished u dramatist. But as this could not well bo dono, and ns 
the mode Aleibiades adopted with a satiric comedian thato 
drowning him — was us impracticable, and would have been evo 
more repulsive to Lord Dovolon's nature, it only remained for 1 
lordship to take care Hint so mischievous a creature should do » 
mischief which the chamberlain's wand could avert. He ® cora . 
perpetually to address tho author ill the lutiguago of the lady 
Pope 
14 1 Conic— only br u good kind soul, 
Who Clares tell neither truth nor lies.* 
“ Vet Lord Dovoton managed to do a grout deal of harm, oml 
to give an enormous amount of trouble to people who felt 
the laull was hardly with him, but with those who hod invim 
him to a situation iu which his peculiar tcmporuuiont neceseor"/ 
required him to interfere in matters at which a etrouger m. 
would have smiled. , , , . 
“ His lordship received Curlyon with tho most perfect cour ) 
