201 
March 4.]' 
claves, huTwIio must name the variety of fowls, &c., which 
1,1 “ The specimens must be named with what the exhibitor 
believes to be their correct title; and it is requested that ull 
kDO vn syoonymcs (provincial or otherwise) may be added, 
j-'owl entered i :■ n wrong class will bj necessurily excluded 
from competition for tho prize,--. 
*• i-M"b condition, quality, beauty of plumage, purity of race, 
and uniformity in the markings, combs, and otiter character- 
istics will in all tho classes for Fowl, be taken into consider- 
ation by the .Indues in a greater degree than mere weight 
without these distinctions, jf the more perfect specimens uro 
ut the same time of a fair ttverugo sizo. 
“All the specimens must have been bond file I lie property 
of the Exhibitor for at least two mouths previously to the 
Exhibition, with the exception of chickens which in iy have 
bi'cn hutched within that time. Fowls out at “ walk” will, 
however, be equally udinissiblc fir exhibition by their real 
owners. 
• The discovery of arty false statement 11 s to proprietorship 
or possession of fowl, or their uge, &e M will be followed by 
the exclusion of the Exhibitors of such specimens thus 
improperly described from all future Exhibitions. 
“ Exhibitors will in all cases bo required to state tbo price 
ot which they will sell their specimen# ; one ol the main 
objects of these exhibitions being to afford an opportunity to 
poultry keepers to improve Ilnur collections at a tiino when 
1 hoy are best enabled to form a correct opinion on the value 
ol the soveral varieties. A prohibitory price, or what appears 
10 bo so, can of course be named; but the sale must take 
place if an nff.tr is made to purchase at tho price specified. 
Vive per cent, will be deducted from all sales, towards defray- 
ing tbo expenses of tlm Exhibition. 
Exhibitors are particularly requested carefully to examine 
llic Prize Lists and Regulations of the Show, in order to 
ovoid errors in making their entries. It must also be under- 
stood that 110 alteration can be made in tho prices us stated 
on the certificates, and set forth in tho catalogue ; that ill 
specimens must be sold in pens, and not divided ; and that 
the persons who linvo the management of the sales cannot 
take charge of fowl which are disposed of privately. Ex- 
hibitors who do not wish to effect sales are recommended to 
name u really prohibitory price, say 1,()0!)Z. per pen. Atten- 
tion to these regulations will greatly facilitate the business 
of tho Show, and prevent, errors in the accounts, aud in tho 
despatch of tho specimens at. its closo. 
“Tho Exhibition will not be limited to a particular district, 
and specimens may bo sent from any part of the United 
Kingdom ; but tho competition for prizes will be strictly 
confined to amateurs. 
“ The certificates of entry will be ready on the 2nd of Oc- 
tober next. No entries can be received unless they are 
made on the forms of certificate issued for that purpose. 
The entries close on Saturday, the 11th of November. 
“No alteration whatever can bo made in the certificates 
after they are received by the Secretary. 
“ Tim whole of the poultry must be in the showyard on 
Saturday, the Otli of December, but specimens will also be 
received during the whole of Friday, t ho 8>h of December. 
The baskets, hampers, &c., must be addressed to Bingley 
Hall, Birmingham, the carriage in all cases being previously 
paid by the exhibitor. 
“ Subscribers of ten shillings per annum will be entitled to 
one card of admission to the private view, (on Tuesday, 
December 12.) and during the whole of tho three following 
days; subscribers of 1Z. to two curds of admission; and 
donors or subscribers to u larger amount to additional cards 
in tho same proportion. None but donors, or subscribers ol 
not Ic-s than 1/. per annum, will be entitled to compete for 
prizes ; and it is particularly requested, that the subscrip- 
tions may bo paid before the closing of the entries, in order 
that tlio exhibitors’ cards of admission may bo properly for- 
warded. 
Subscribers are requested to pay their subscription* to tho 
secretary or collector ut least ten days prior to tho Exhibi- 
tion, in order that their admission cards may bu duly for- 
warded with the receipt, 
“ Subscribers of 1/. per annum will be entitled to exhibit 
Poultry ; but no subscriber can enter more than two pons in 
any one class, nor more than four pens in the whole. 
“Exhibitors of Pigeons only may outer six pons, but not 
more than two pen9 of any one variety. 
“ Persons entering Poultry and filling to send tbo same 
for exhibition, will be required to pay u line of three shillings 
for each pen so left vacant. 
“ No Member of tin* Society or of the Council, or other 
person* will bo admitted to Bingley Mall before the opening 
01 the Exhibition 00 Tuesday, December 12 ; with the excep- 
tion of those who arc actually engaged in tho arrangements 
within the building, and who have received Admission Curds 
signed bv the Chairman of the General Purposes Committee. 
Special Cards of admission will also ho forwarded to tho 
Judges, to be used on Monday, December 11. 
Admission to Non-Subscribers — on Tuesday (the Privato 
view ), J and on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday. Is. 
each. *’ 
The annual dinner will take placoon Tuesday, December 
. And the annual general meeting of subscribers will be 
odd on Thursday, the 14th of December, when a resolution 
wdl bo proposed to limit tbo number of the Council, and to 
fix the time during which such Council shall remain in otlice ; 
a "d a Code of Laws for tho future government of tho society 
Wl 'l bo submitted for approvul ; and such meeting will uftor- 
wards proceed to the election of the president, vice-president, 
and council. 
fhn prize lists for cattle, sheep, and pigs, may be bad on 
Application to the Secretary, whose address we have given 
above. 
AGRICULTURAL TALK. 
Agricultural statistics continue to he discussed with great 
earnestness in commercial, as well ns agricultural, circles. 
■1 tie prospects ,»t war prices stimulate those who are ir.te- 
Z te ". m tl !. e P'T a mone y. which so much depends on 
t c pnee o food, to support the introduction of a avatem 
' mui would prepare us 111 time for tho corn-eaters’ annual 
consumption. 
hv T H, e ‘ m p ol ' ,nnccof tho question was very fully illustrated 
XX:S V,,t, T V 1 ’,' 11 " <» a deputation 
memo.).,' • V’" Lul '- Abcr<lee » ia« week, to present a 
the U'Mdpnlr ‘ lV i 0Ur of , ,llL ' coll c«tonof accurate returns of 
to .?; ! 111,1 produce ol the country, which, in regard 
that ev wa ®, * aul to bo 0,10 01 tbo «'ost influential 
Th J em “« ft tcd from the City of London. 
e deputation urged that the returns should be pub- 
THE FIELD. 
lislied with as little delay as possible after harvest. — a j 
delay of fifteen months in publication after each harvest 1 
having in u considerable degree neutralised the benefit of j 
the returns collected in Ireland. 
They stated that the quantity of corn sold in the country 
amounted to 40*000,000 qrs., upon which a fluctuation of | 
only 1<. amounted to £2.000,000 sterling : That the uncer- 
tainty us to the result of the harvest reacted upon the 
shipping interest, by making uncertain, to tho extent of a 
million tons, what amount would ho required from abroad 
from harvest to harvest : That freights from Odessa had 
varied from 60s. to 170s. since last harvest, while tho 
difference in value of tho corn crop of the British Islands, 
according to the average price of the week, was forty mil- 
lions sterling more than it was in the first week of the 
harvest : That, in the presence of such a pecuniary stake, 
expense of collection of facts becomes a trilling con- 
sideration. 
Lord Aberdeen, in his reply, said that enough had been 
done in the way of experiments to prove that the collection 
of accurate returns of the amount of agricultural produce 
might be extended throughout the country ; that the im- 
portance of the object admitted, and the practicability 
proved, that the details only remained to lie arranged ; and 
that, on the head of the expense, he anticipated no serious 
objection from the Chancellor of Exchequer. 
After this declaration, we may consider the question 
more than half settled ; and it is for the agricultural 
interest to decide what part they will take in moulding 
the contemplated measure into the shape likely to be most 
useful to them, and least annoying. The Tithe and 
Enclosure Commission Office lias been suggested as an 
already organised body, with officers in every part of the 
country competent for the work. Is there any well- 
founded objection to this, the suggestion of Lord Aber- 
deen ? 
As there can bo no doubt that some measure will he 
carried, it is very desirable that those most deeply inte- 
rested should take a willing part in its construction.” 
Statistical returns, with a less scientific name, are not 
new to any class of tho community ; we are followed by 
them from our birth to our grave. The* babe, the married 
couple, and the corpse, must all be registered, with many 
minute particulars, and the results of these three registra- 
tions form a valuable part of our published social statistics. 
The census periodically taken, which was a new idea the 
other day, lmt now firmly established, in spite of the 
scriptural objections of very worthy people* gathers 
together a host of facts ns to the ages, education, religion, 
trades, &e., of our population ; while the investigations of 
the income tax and assessed tax collectors afford a very 
minute account of the earnings and expenditure of every 
man who has more than £100 a year, or keeps a horse for 
pleasure. In theory, it would be possible to learn, from 
tlic statistics wire 1 are already collected, the ages of all 
the ladies in the neighbourhood, the names of the fathers 
of all the babies, and the dates of all the marriages, and the 
amount of science earned by every M.D. who drives a 
brougham. But, in practice, we know that very little real 
information oozes out as to the individuals, although the 
gross totals of general returns, especially in a sail i tar v 
point of view, have had an important effect upon public 
opinion. 
The nation has no right to institute an inquisitorial 
inquiry into the private affairs of any body of men, 
for the purpose ot‘ satisfying idle curiosity, or advan- 
taging the special interests of any class. But the nation 
has as much reason to protect itself against tho cost of 
famine prices, or tho. loss of unreasonable fluctuation, as 
against the danger of war in time of peace. Had official 
reliable accounts of the deficiency of last harvest been in 
existence and published early in last year, the average 
value of the corn crop could not have varied materially, 
but the changes of hands would have been less frequent. 
Many farmers would have retained their crops longer, or 
obtained better prices. Importers would have commenced 
their operations earlier, and there would not have been the 
furious competition for shipping which raised freight cent, 
per cent. In fact, if there had been fewer quarters of 
wheat sold at 80s., so there would have been fewer sold at 
40 j., and more at 60s. Farmers are the last to profit, and 
the first to suffer, from sudden fluctuations. 
We hope farmers and landlords will treat the question 
as if they had a common interest in the welfare of the 
country ; and that we shall have no more foolish attempts 
to set the growers against their customers, or to reply to 
the suggestion of agricultural statistics with an idle “ tu 
quoque . ” demand for the statistics of other trades. 
Any figures and facts relating to any trades that it is 
for the advantage of tho nation to know, must he rendered ; 
and we repeat, that after investigating the ages of our 
maiden ladies, and the incomes of our M.D.’s, it is too late 
to talk of inquisitorial inquiries. 
But although it is a capital thing to know what quantity 
of food is grown, it is still better to grow more. To grow 
the utmost quantity of food, we need, among other ele- 
ments, enterprising, industrious tenants. Tenants cannot 
do their duty to themselves and their landlords unless 
they hire their farms 111 good condition, — that is to say, 
well fenced, well drained, and well provided with suitable 
farm-buildings. Few tenants have capital to spare over 
and above what they could usefully invest in the proper 
cultivation of their farms. 
Landlords, as a class, in the present day, are very willing 
to do their share toward agricultural improvement, that 
is to say, toward increased produce — increased profits to 
the tenant, ami rent and property to the landowner— if 
they knew how, or had the means, or both. 
The true principles of land management arc becoming 
better known every day. Conversation is rife on the 
subject. Books swarm, and fox- hunters are seduced by 
Lord Berners’ pleasant riding grass land, to investigate the 
value of deep draining. 
But the best will and the best intelligence in the world 
can do nothing without money. Our landed gentry have 
beautiful estates, fine mansions, pictures and statues, 
pleasant coverts and trout streams, and everything that is 
or seems pleasant to the eye, but very little ready mouev. 
In fact, few have, except those who make it or save it,— and 
those are exceptions among our country gentlemen. 
But in continental countries, and of late in Ireland, 
a man who has land can have money ; but in England it is 
not so. The landed gentry enjoy the use of their estates 
in such a manner us their lawyers please. Every great 
landowner is a sort of Sinbad carrying one or more 
lawyers upon his shoulders, bending under the venerable 
and painful burden, and effectually prevented by the com- 
pression of the conveyancing sage from making any active 
eftovt for the release of himself or his estate. 
Ireland, in spite of tho accumulated mismanagement, 
social ami political, of centuries, and the drawback of a 
Celtic population, is vising wonderfully under the relieving 
influence of the Encumbered Estates Act. 
1 lie transfer or mortgage of an estate, which would coston 
an average 400Z. in England, can be effected in Ireland, with 
a Parliamentary ti le, for about 40/. And while, in Eng- 
land, the legal process would probably extend over a twelve- 
month, in Ireland the whole business can be completed in a 
few days. Nav, as it to show tho absurdity of the techni- 
calities under which agricultural improvement is smo- 
thered, there is in England a private company, which 
obtained a low years ago, by a juggle, an Act of Parlia- 
ment permitting them to manufacture Parliamentary 
I 'ties after the Irish model ; — but ns they have a mono- 
poly of tho English privilege, of course their lawyers charge 
monopoly prices. This company can buy an estate (which, 
although good to bold, is from some legal quibble bad to sell) 
one day, and sell it back with a perfect title, to the original 
owner, the next day. 
Now, if this system of making land easily and cheaply 
transferable were made the rule instead of the exception 
in England, — if tenants for life could effect permanent im- 
provements, and charge the capital spent on their estates, 
without having recourse to a company, — if money could be 
borrowed on land equably, cheaply, and safely, and if land 
could be sold as easily as in Russia or Ireland,— we should 
find the improvements of our landowners keeping pace 
with the enterprise of our farmers, and the example of our 
most advanced northern and eastern couutics spreading 
into the benighted districts. 
Unfortunately, our landowners are lawyer-ridden; and 
as long as county elections depend on lawyers, and as long 
as lawyers are so short-sighted as to prefer the crooked to 
the straight road, peers and squires will be led like calves 
to the legal bleeding-pens, — like sheep, their skins will bo 
shorn while living, and, when dead, give parchment forth© 
further annoyance of their heirs and successors. England, 
thoroughly drained, would double its produce and rent, and 
wo thoroughly believe that the substitutionofParliameiitary 
for attorney’s titles to land would in ten years afford tho 
means of thoroughly draining tiie whole country, — at any 
rate, if it did diminish the profits of a few Mr. lvnowlo’s, 
mid cut off the incomes of their interesting relatives in the 
vale of Taunton, it would change into comfortable indepen- 
dence the splendid misery of scores of ©stated gentlemen 
who have to fear the responsibility and tho odium of pro- 
prietorship, without being able to sell an acre, or spend a 
guinea on permanent improvements. 
Talavera Wheat. — At Murk Luna recently, a sam- 
ple of Old Talavera Wheat, weighing Go lbs. to tho bushel, 
touched 108s*. the quarter. 
Substitute for Guano. — A new patent substitute for 
guano, consisting of decomposed and concentrated seaweed, 
is about to be introduced by Mr. Longmuid, with tbo view 
of claiming the prize of 1,OOOZ. offered by the Royal Agri- 
cultural Society. The material is reduced to a powdor, mid 
rendered suitable to be applied by the drill. Many experi- 
ments with regard to its fertilising powers are said to have 
been made during the past your, uml the subjoined analysis 
of a sample has been furnished by Professor Way. Tho 
process is stated to be simple, tho price is estimated 5 Z. per 
ton or under, and itis contemplated to establish manufactories 
at various stations on the coast : — 
Percentage composition 
of tlio dry manure. 
Organic mat (or — 
Solublo . . 48*13 ) cs.no 
Insoluble .17*79) 00 
Sand, itc 3*18 
Alumina, with a little peroxide of iron . . ••10 
Phosphate of Jimo -74 
Snlphnte of limo 2*05 
Chloride 1*23 
Chlorido of magnesium 2*03 
Chloride of sodium 5*12 
Sulphate of potash 5 70 
Sofia 13*65 
100*00 
Nitrogen 3 23 
Equni to ammonia 3 92 
Ashby and Spa rice n hoe Farmers’ Club. — The amal- 
gamation of the Ashbv-do-la-Zouch Agricultural Association 
aud tho Spurkenhoo Hundred Fanners’ Club — the oldest and 
tho most recoil tly established societies of the kind in the 
comity — has been agreed upon, and all that remains to be 
done is the arrangement of the details of tins union. That 
this amalgamation will bo attended with beneficial results wo 
lmve no doubt. Every person who has attended tlio meetings 
of fho Ashby Association for several years past, must have 
felt bow dull and gloomy un affair tbo show bad become. 
Stulls which ought to have been filled were empty: the in- 
terest of days gone by seemed to iuivo vunislied ; and there 
was nothing agreeable until tho dinner. — Leicester Journal. 
I’rolipic Cow. — A cow, between ten and cloven years 
old, tho property of Mr. John Marshall, Hull’s Mend Inn, 
Iieptou, in this county, gave birth on Wednesday morning, 
Jun. 18, to five calves. These culves (four bull calves and one 
cow cull) are, together with tho mother, doing remarkably 
well. Tlio calves uro nearly of tho ordinary size, feed 
remarkably well, and are very lively. There is no doubt 
but they will be reared, and that opinion is shared by many 
of tile first breeders in the county who have seen them. 
The bull, a short- horned roan, two years old, is the pro- 
perty of Mr. 8etli Smith; and the veterinary surgeon who 
attended tlio case was Mr. John Perry, both gentlotnen 
hoing residents of Ropton. This is the most extraordinary 
i*u>o 011 record, no cow having calved more thun four culves, 
and in no instance have they lieen reared. — Drrby Mercury. 
Eltham. — Paper from Straw. — Dr. David King, in 
noticing straw, as u substitute for rag* in the manufacture of 
paper, mukes the following pertinent observations : — I beg 
to direct your attention, and that of all classes of society, to 
a moden) inventoiu, which it Ims been my particular province 
very recently to investigate, namely, the manufacture of 
paper, of all qualities — from the finest white to the coarsest 
brown — from straw, an ull but iuexliuustible staple com- 
modify of this country, and inexpensive when compared 
with rags, which are largely imported from foreign countries. 
By the use of straw in paper making, the manufacturing 
interests would he rendered independent of other countries 
for the supply of the raw mutcnul, and an article of great 
and general uso would bo so clieupeued ns to render the 
removal of the tax ou paper unnecessary, and the landed- 
interest would be greatly promoted by its adding to the 
