THE FIELD 
347 
- , 7CT Earl of Aberdeen on Tuesday, in Downmg- 
waued on b ; cct 0 f the Scotch Education Bill Tlie 
l ' r f’ Dalkeith, M.P., E S lin,„n 
Duk ^nion, Cawdor, and Mansfield ; Lords WJUiiim^Gia- 
0 ,,d r»VvinV "nnd Kinnaird': Right Hon. Sir C 
JJ£ Duke of Montrose stated the object of the dcp< 
1 he be to urge on the government that tlie present system 
U r Q l ° pi,ial schools should not bo interfered with, and that 
0 the Church of Scotland ought to be 
their connocuo ^e ^ th(J eoine time they wore desirous that 
of education should be extended in such a man- 
t b e mean |al a , lv antuges to other denominations. 
Aberdeen. though ho would give no pledge that the 
Lor d Aberdeen, ^ a)terod tQ meet tbe views of tlie deputa- 
that he would carefully consider the renresenta- 
tioff and that l,e believed tho Lo^d Advjicate 
measure 
tioii 
be 
IO Dav attention to any amendments which might be 
r6 ied P and which did not militate against the general 
P P mtn of tbe bill, to establish a national system of 
p r Eln in Scotland. Letters were received from tbe fol- 
fowinK noblemen and gentlemen expressing their regret that 
Jere unavoidably prevented Irom attending but ex- 
11 { • , .Jieir entire concurrence in the views of tho de- 
prC . Tlie Duke of Buccleucb, the Duke ol Rox- 
horulie the Duke of Richmond, the Earl ol March, M.P., 
?he E “rl of Selkirk, Mr. IV. Lockhart. M.l> .. Sir A Camp- 
hell M.P., and Sir Graham Montgomery, M.P. 
The Clyde. — A t Glasgow, a million and a half sterling- 
hee „ expended in forming embankments, building quays, 
deepening the bed, fixing beacons for 20 miles down tlm 
?iver providing sheds, and other apparatus, to facilitate he 
loadin- a»d unloading of ships; by such means l»aa the- 
Clyde become one of the most wonderful rivers iu Britain. 
Qif its ba >ks are to be found the works of Robert Napier, o! 
Tod and Macgregor, of Caird, of Wood, and of other firms 
whose names are connected with the progress of modern 
navigation.— The Builder. 
Oxford — Raxing tub Colleges. — This important 
question, which was in a fair way of being settled in an 
ainicablo manner, has, wo regret to find, retrograded 
rather than advauced, owing to the vacillating conduct ol 
tho Board of Guardians. Tho University, through their 
solicitor, Mr. Frederick Morrell, lias intimated to tlie 
Guardians, that as they have already conceded terms lor 
the settlement of the Poor Rate question, which received 
the sanction of the Board of Guardians and of the l o\vn 
Council, and were afterwards embodied in a bill for 1 ar- 
Hameut, but which the Board is now desirous of selling 
aside, they are not prepared to entertain any fresh propo- 
sitions, except upon formal terms being laid before them 
in w riting, by persons having sufficient authority to settle 
them. This is considered a dignified course, and will pro- 
bably be followed by the disposal of the question which 
has occupied the time of our public men for so many years 
past. The University, in justice to the city, ought no 
doubt to contribute their share towards the support ot the 
poor, but wc think it would have been a wise course tor 
tbe guardians to have acceded to the terms proposed by 
the University, by which they would have been enabled to 
have saved upwards of £2000 a year. , 
The letter from the University has been referred to the 
last appointed Rating Committee, in order that they may- 
draw up proposals in writing and submit them to a 
Special Board on Thursday, the 28th inst. 
The Representation of Southampton —South- 
hampton, Wednesday, April 12.— The election rendered 
necessary lor this borough by the acceptance of the recorder- 
ship of Bristol by Sir A. Cockburn, who thereby vacated his 
scot, took place this morning at the Town-hall, Mr. J. T. 
Tnokor. tho mavor. presiding us reluming ofheer. Owing 
PROVINCIAL. 
Asn — Newt Military Training Ground. - The 
authorities, of the War-office having obtained a grant from 
land 
acres 
narliament of £100,000, for the purpose of purchasing 
ftfr occupation by the army, have bought about 4.000 L- 
of | a nd ut Aldershot, Farnlmm, and Ash in the counties of 
Hampshire and Surrey, about 35 miles from London. 
From 1 the bold elevations, and undulating character of the 
land it is admirably adapted for that purpose. The Basing- 
stoke Canal, with some contributory lakes at Ash, afioids 
opportunities of display in crossing rivers, and in various 
other military exercises. The nearest milway stations from 
London will he the South-Eastern and Sbath-U ester,, both 
at Ash, and within a mile of. tlifl ground. It is intended o 
encamp the militia on the ground in the ensu.ng month. 
Partics P are already building and speculating on the unproved 
value of laud in. that locality. , , 
WiGTON, April 11.— At the petty sessions held lie. o 
this day, Joseph Railton, Esq.., of Snittlegarth, presiding, 
Mr. Thomas Hay bon, of Gerrard House, near Wqfton, 
owner and occupier of a largo estate, A r v- ^ ’ 
his brother, and Robert Ilard.ng, u husbandman, m the 
employ of the first defendant, were charged, at tho ‘us ance 
of tho lloyul Society lor the Prevention of pacltj to 
Animals, with having wantonly tortured a greyhound do . 
From the statement of Mr. Foster, who attended for tho 
society, it appeared that on the night of the 7«h of March 
the three defendants got possession ol a greyhound belong 
ing to a neighbouring farmer ; that while J JUuy- 
ton held its head securely between Ins legs, lus biobhci 
saturated the animal’, bide with turpentine and se ting 
fire to it drove it away. By some accident the tlames 
were extinguished soon after tho dog reached the open an , 
whereupon tbe dofeudunts agaiu secured it, and ropeuted 
their brutal act, after which tbe affrighted animal was seen 
to leave the house a second time enveloped u» flames. 
As it afterwards appeared, the dog ran four miles to its 
master’s home, where it was next morning discovered ... a 
dvin" state crouched up under some straw, with its bowels 
protruding. After commenting upon the extreme brutality 
of 
off. 
defendants’ disgusting. ~ -«*.,>■ 
inasmuch as a pecuniary fine to parties in the position of the 
Haytons would be a wholly inadequate punishment. Ihe 
caso having, been satisfactorily proved by tbieo witnesses, 
Mr. Wane, solicitor for the defence, urged that the occur- 
rence was purely accidental, and that the dog lmd caught 
fire the second time from a cinder which had fuUuu out of 
Ihe fire-grate (a tough.) The defendants had certainly 
applied some turpentine in the first instance, and set light 
to it, but without any intention ol destroying tho animal. 
Ho hoped, from tho high respectability of bis clients, that 
the bench would take a lenient view of the matter, in which 
event Mr. Hay ton would have no objection to recompense 
the owner for tho loss of his dog. Tho magistrates having 
consulted for a few minutes, the Chairman pronounced the 
decision of the bench. After administering a severe rebuke 
to tho elder Hayton for tlie unseemly levity he had exhibited 
during the proceedings, Mr. Ua.lton said the bench had no 
doubt whatever that a most wanton and cruel act had b. c i 
perpetrated, and that the charge had been ful y bioug lit 
home to the accused parties, who would eac i pa> 1 
highest penalty imposed by tho act-viz., £5 and costs, or, 
in default, stand committed for six weeks to the county gaol. 
Tucker, tho mayor, presidio , 
to the absence of any opposition, the proceedings were 
of a merely formal character, and excited comparatively little 
interest and attention. Mr. Alderman Andrews proposed, 
and Mr. T. L. Hannan seconded, Sir A. Cockburn as a fit 
and proper person to represent tbe borough ; and no 
gentleman being proposed by the Conservative party, the 
lion, gentleman was declared to be duly elected, and pro- 
ceeded to address the electors In a speech expressive ot Ins 
thanks for the honour conferred upon him. Tho meeting 
afterwards terminated with a vote of thanks to the mayor 
This is the sixth time Sir A. Cockburn has been returned 
for Southampton during tho post seven yours the frequent 
elections having been rendered necessary by the successive 
offices of Solicitor-General, Attorney-General, Recorder ot 
Bristol, &c., to which ho has been appointed, and by tho 
general elections and change of Government which have 
who never really recover, “ it will be found that one life por 
day is nut more than the usual consumption of American rail- 
roads.” The list includes the wholesale slaughter of 4U 
persons on the Now Haven-mad in May last, ihe most 
awful catastrophe in the annals of railway travelling. 
During the present year 17 fatal steamboat accidents have 
ocean ed in the United States. Of these, ouo — tho burning 
of tho I ndopendence near Mavgaretta Island iu tlie Pacific— 
hurried 120 souls into eternity. The sinking of the John 
L. Avery, in ihe Mississippi, runks next in magnitude ; and 
the burning of the Caroline iu tho same river, and ot tho 
America in tlio Alabama liver in January last, which de- 
stroyed respectively 5i and 50 persons, complete u dreadful 
lotal of 281 deaths from 4 accidents. 
Ofknino of the Tilbury Four Railway. — This 
lino of railway, in connection with tho Uluckwull ami 
Eastern Counties lines, and the strain ferries ul Gravesend, 
was opened on Tuesday by tho directors and u largo party 
of friends proceeding iuu special train along ltawholo length, 
from tho now termini in Fcnehui'cli-strcet. The lino branches 
off the Bluckwall at Stepney, and Is carried on to tho Eastern 
Counties at tho Bow station, where it takes tho main line 
nearly ns far os Ilford. It thou shapes off to the southward, 
to the cast of Pm fleet, and passing through Grays, directs its 
course to West Tilbury und Tilbury Fort, whore tho North 
Gravesend station is erected, to tho westward of tho Fort, 
opposite the town pier, Gravesend, which fins been loused 
to tho company. Small steamers will convey tho passengers 
across the river to and from the trains. Tho Vine has been 
opened for public truffle. 
1'XTJiNSlON Ol’* THE Kl.ECTRIC '1 1. 1-liGU A I'H.— On 
Tuesday the Electric Telegraph Company laid down a inula 
of Wiles to the new Stock Exchange, in Throymorton-struut, 
for the use of tho members of that establishment. The stock 
Exchange will now have direct communication with all 
places reached by tlie electric wires, both on tho continent 
uud in the United Kingdom. 
intervened since his first canvass of tlie borough. 
NEW DESIGNS. 
Railway Signals between Guaiid and Driver. 
— Mr. Alfred Bird, chemist, of Worcester- street, Birming- 
ham, bus patented an apparatus for u ready method of com- 
municating between tlie guard and driver ol a railway train, 
by means of hydraulic pressuro. Tho apparatus consists of a 
guttapercha tube, fill'd with anti-freezing fluids, ulcohol 
being tho principal. One und of this tubo 1* attached to a 
barrel and piston enclosed in u box, on which tiro shown 
seven different signals, and which box is intended for the 
guuid'a van. Tho other end of the tube is affixed t<> a 
similar barrel and piston, ulso enclosed in u miiuII box, 
placed on tlio engine or louder. This box also contains 
seven signals, corresponding with thom previously men- 
tioned. The mode of operation is tbe following :— Upon tlio 
principle of hydraulic prossure, or In oilier words the Incom- 
pressibility of fluids, ll cither of the pistons, to which lover 
RAILWAYS AND TELEGRAPHS. 
Tiie Security of Railways.— T he gravest attention 
of scientific men has long been directed to dh« Scanty of ol „»,«*, „ ci.ner u. w. i— , ~ 
the metal mils at the points of their contact h. lll( lUs uio attached, be raised, tlio corresponding one, at 
other, as it is at these places whore mucli.nl is cmeny mm- wllutoV( . p distuuco off, must be instantaneously depressed, 
traced, alter the occurrence of an accident; and muuy ul- , ^ tlllls tbo cumnuinicutlou is effected through any length 
vices, all more or less ably conceived, have Iroiu tuna to ^ . jn NoW 8UI ,,, ()1> J„g Wat. a train was iu motion, und 
time engaged tbe serious notice ol tbc . im id desired to signal tlio driver :-Upou the box con- 
minds of scientific men, thus concentrated, , ainblg the apparatus ho sees written “ stop, ‘ Mart, 
strength to-tbe attainment of the object sought, and fuilui-ois * ., ,, jfjj, . y « 0 „ break,” with the additional 
“ •. »- u ihe general stock oil "» 1 - ... it i i„ ...u 
may be said even to lmve added to the general s och : or u ^ rol uril 8 i g „ u l.” lie lias merely to ralso 
knowledge, upon which has probably arisen tho ’ tho levor llul ii the index points, for instance, to the word 
i * 
tvivuncc of uniting the rails themselves with cast-iron chairs 
The mumenl he does so the piston In the box on tlie 
' ' uud tho word 
rotruding. After commenting upon the extreme ui uiaiuy 
f tho two Ilaytons in having a second tune repeated We 
ffimoe, Mr. Foster urged tlio bench to mark its sense of the 
efcndnnts’ disgusting conduct by committing them to prison, 
l 
given, but the object of tho signal is ulso explained. Two 
senses i.ro appealed to— first, tho hearing, by tho ringing ot 
tho alarm boll ; and then tlio sight, by tlio words appearing 
in ihe slit. In ouo respect tlio apparatus is sc l-uc lug. If 
III IIIU OIU« 1)1 UtlL/ ivvjr I • , , | 
the coupling irons are broken, or accidentally dotucliod, und 
tho parts of the train thus separated, tlio guttu pci dm tube, 
coiled round a drum ill the guard’s room, pays out, 
ringing a bell violently at tlio same time. Tlie merits of ho 
invention will he duly appreciated by ail Interested in tho 
subject. A means of communication between driver and 
the assertions of the patentees, u consummation 
highest boneflciul to the public. 
New Mail Tube.-A Nantes journal states that M. 
Gally-Cazalut, a civil engineer, has proposed a new plan of 
trun.-mitting letter-bags and newspupors for tl.c post-oflico. 
It is to establish a line of cast-iron tubes of from six to eight 
inches in diameter by the sides of. the rall ;' a > 8 ’ ®" d ® 
create a vacuum in tbe... by means of machines at tho 
principal stations. The letter-bags being placed tbo 
tubes, would then, by. the pi*essure of the atn»o>pheie, b 4Ji . 
carried on with immense rapidity. M- eazalut calculates ^ ^ ben, a desideratum; Mr. Buds patent 
that tho steam power required to create the to d would not , & tQ n ,. ovUlo fm . U n that is absolutely necessary. 1 ho 
be attended with any very great expense; bo ihtnka that it wjth J > hich lho appill u t«.s can he trunsferrcl from tram 
need only bo a half-horse power for e ciy five nntok , rui „ , llld tlie mun.ier in which tho longthoni.ig or t o 
Should the tubes be adopted, tbo electric ideKruph would .| r of tbo „. lin i8 provided for, la gnutly in ita 
be almost superseded, us by means of them despatches ^il the motions required are easily executed, i.nd 
could be sent from Paris to Nantes in a mmutes i# plain and distinct. The apparatus is not 
Narrow Gauge Communication ; JjgjJ to % et out of order. 
AM l’TON AND THE NORTH.—' Ill© to« ( “L^SOHth^ ^ Uas UkGULATO 
umpton Chamber 
lion with tlie Boar 
lion of tbe narro' 
ampton and tlie 
(j rcut Western C 
tho Board of Dir 
Mr. Russell to t 
narrow gauge commui. 
und thereupon, on the 22nd of August , ' f t iat >°| , ) 
Lords’ committee declared the preamble of the Muni I c> ter 
and So.iil.sii.pton bill “ not proved. A u.emo.ial 1 • 
Renting Iltis fuct was presented by the Chamber, und it 
urged that the work, when completed, would not on sa vo 
55 miles in the existing railway distance between bo Hiurap- 
ton and Birmingham, but lessen tho delay a* we as the 
cost of transmission of goods and merchandise. »- ««• 
...iii. ii.ii i hi’pr ors ot tlio ijitai 
Ator. — On Friday evening, 
ueci.t so universally in demand should be held m cluck und 
administered only at the option and will of tho consumer. 
After expatiating upon the many advantages gas posseted 
over o\her means ofillumiu^on, Mr. Judkins called atten- 
tion to the fact, that gas burnt at u high 
Mnuonllv beyond the best burniug-pomt of combustion, 
?,S irou.-h the burners at a .....cl. greater rale than cm 
' 1 . nut ell Of the g U «h«s forced through escapes 
plctiug tlio new pm Uon of railway, now undo 
!,t D dcot. With the mixed gauge, in preparation h'» the r. 
uiuiudcr of Uie works, to give a continum.s narrow fiugL 
new patent Mgula' or , «• •• ^,,^1 would bo fi und 
““ c ""ift ! U ‘ 'i qualSK of previous construction, 
^tuTllo ted M.ei.-.bte und valuable Imi.n.vcmmtof a com- 
..A wf >» -.'-f iwfr's.s 
metallic joint, which prevent-, the is 
not liable to such accidents as have 
to Animals for having sent ager.tleman 300 miles to conduct Oxfo.d 
tlie prosecution, and they felt it right that the costs ot t he 
case should include £5 towards the expenses incurred by 
tlio society. Mr. Forster thanked tbe bench on bchait ut , 
the society, but respectfully declined to accept any portion 
of tlio costs. Tbe amount awarded lie begged to offer, at | 
tho discretion of the bench, to the most deserving charitable 
institutioni iu tbe distriaU 
3UNDERI.AND.-Tbe strike of the sailors was last week were kiiled, and 158 injured. The Ac ForA, a , |igh prftsSlirc . Tbe otl.cr udv^.tugcs o.un 
brought to a close, without huv.nggamed ttor obj^t, _ yhl, lbut> adaiog to the dcatlis a P‘OP^^^'1 | c0 ? lB i 8tcd in tho light being of a bright description 
the closing of tho owners bilipping ontce, tno&i ol tuo t>nip» \ 1 „ ... 0 c un oiinuniipp for the number , * o 
that were waiting for crows have now got away. 
line between the north and the port of Southaiuptom _ 
American Railroad and steamboat , 
In 1853 there were 138 railroad accidents m ( hi United 
States * 227 persons were killed, and 483 Injured, hi , liable to such accmv..o — - . 
apu of ammonia ; und 
curred In regulators 
the cuses of Bevere injury as 
