379 
THE FIELD. 
ZonT^nc family, tlio poor mother, who in every case hits 
been able and willing to provide for herself and the other 
children, is not deprived of all, and when they and their 
husbands have been able to come and see their children’s 
homes, they have expressed themselves well satisfied. I ought 
to add, that the manner in which their children have been 
educated and trained is highly creditable to their parents and 
to the army. Hero all classes, including the household 
servants, have cheerfully contributed, and the very school girls 
and tlio poor people ut tho shop liuve dropped their pence into 
boxes, and all are disposed to treat iho now comers with kind- 
ness. This will be my last appeal. It clashes with no other, 
but may work well in aid. I am. Sir, your faithful servant, 
St. Leonard’s. Boylo Farm, Thames Ditton. 
Dublin. — A grand military concert for the benefit of the 
wives of the soldiers who have departed for the war, or are 
under orders for that destination, took place on thn evening 
of Easter Monday, in the Music Hull, which was crowdod 
to Iho utmost of its capacity on the occasion. 
“To THE CLERGY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 
Central Association in Aid of ( he Wives and Families of 
Soldiers ordered to the East, U, Wutnrloo-place, Pull-mull, 
Loudon, April 18. — Sir, — As the clergy have almost unani- 
mously come to the rescue of the wives and familiO' of the 
army by most kindly promising to have collections in their 
churches f<<r them on the day appointed for nutinnal hunti- 
liuiimi and prayer on account of tlio war, I am most anxious 
to show them that their sympathy is not misplaced, nnd to 
prove that these poor people are indeed outcasts on account of 
tills war. A soldier's pay is Is. Id. per day. With this, if 
unmarried, lie is obliged partly to clothe himself, ontirely to 
feed himself, besides having to pay for his washing, hair- 
cutting, and barrack damages, lie cunnot have, under tho 
mo6t favourable circumstances, more then Sil. a-day to spend. 
If married, though his wife washes for him, ho bus not only 
partly to clotho himself, hut entirely to feed himself, his 
wife, and children, as well ns to clotho them respectably ; in 
addition to which lie lias not Iho advantage which the un- 
married soldier has of getting meat at tho contract price. 
This is tho position of the married soldier in time of peace ; 
in time of war his wife and children are left without his prcscnco 
and without his pay. They are no longer permitted to live in 
barracks, no longer can they claim the best medical attendance, 
no longer can they obtain a free and good education for their I 
children— In fact, they arc very outcasts on account of this J 
war. They are sent, on the departure of their husbands for 
the war, to their parish at the expense of Government, and 
there they are left to the mercy of tho workhouse. The 
soldier cannot, us the sailor can, leave some portion of his 
pay in official keeping ut home for his wife anil family ; 
besides which his pay is much smaller, and his expenses 
greater limn the sailor’s, who is victualled entirely at tlio 
public expense. It is true that the soldier may remit money 
from abroad, but, as his pay is not increased uml his expenses 
are, it is impossible for him to do so. It is said by somo fow 
persons, ami especially by tho chief magistrates nnd cor- 
porations of some fow towns in England (In excusing them- 
selves for doing nothing), that the Government ought to 
protect these poor people ; hut t his effort of corporate wis- 
dom and economy, being only a matter of opinion, docs not 
keep tlio soldier’s family from starvation. The Central As- 
sociation in Aid of Soldiers’ Wives and Families have at this 
liniment before them the sad cases of three women cast out 
of barracks, without their husbands, and with families of five 
children each. Muny poor fellows have left ihnir motherless 
childiou to tho care of the Association; one in particular 
has trusted to us the precious charge of his three motherless 
daughters. I cunnot, tiercfoie, doubt for a moment that 
tho whole of the clergy of England will feel the necessity of 
helping ns on the day of humiliation and prayer, by having 
collections in their churches, and thus carrying out the sug- 
gestion that has met with such cordial approbation from Ids 
Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Lord Bishop 
of London. I have the honour to be, Sir, your most obe- 
dient servant, II. L. Powys, Major, GOtli Royal Rifles, 
Hon See. to the Association.” 
THE TURKS AND RUSSIANS. 
( Continued from page 354.) 
A IIavd Ride. — C aptain Oilier, the brave aide-de- 
camp of Omar Pasha, first announced at Widilin that the 
Russians had crossed the Lower Danube in force, nnd were 
threatening the right wing of the Ottoman army. The 
usual ten days’ journey from Rutschuk to Widdin this 
brave and energetic man accomplished in two days and 
two nights. The intelligence of the Russian passage 
caused no sensation whatever at Widdin, and was received 
with equal indifference by the military and by the people 
at large. The Turks look on it merely ns a war stratagem, 
whereby the Russians wish to weaken the Ottoman centre. 
Omar Pasha presented the courier who brought him the 
news of the Russian passage of the Danube with 25,000 
piastres. “Thank God!” exclaimed the Ottoman general- 
issimo, “now, at least, there will he an end to the exchange 
ot diplomatic notes!" Sami Pasha astonished all his 
frienus'ou the 1st by his high spirits And loquacity; and 
tlie problem was presently solved by his drawing from 
between his crossed legs her Britannic Majesty’s decluru- 
liou of war against Russia. 
THE WAR IN EUROPE. 
(BY SUBMARINE AND EUROPEAN TELEGRAPH). 
Vienna. — “An Austrian paper bus the following tele- 
graphic despatch : — 
“‘Tlio important frontier town of Pokshani, in Wallachio, 
which had just been fortified, lias been destroyed by fire. 
All tho Russian stores, provisions, arms, clothing, ammu- 
nition, and all iho military hospitals, have fallen n prey to 
the flames.* In a former despatch you were informed 
thut Russian troops had been 6ccn on the Servian territory; 
this evening’s papers have a communication from Orsova, 
of tho lCtli, which states that on the 14th the Russians oc- 
cupied Turnu-Severin. On the loth the Cossacks crossed 
the Danube at New Orsovn, a Turkish fortress on ono of 
tlio Duuubiun islands, and occupied Wartsierova. Tlio 
Tuiks bombarded tlio place. According to these accounts, 
it is not clear whether a regular passage of the Danube is 
intended ut that spot. It is also affirmed that all the Rus- 
sian ports in iho Black Sea are declaicd iu a btate of 
blockude.” 
‘ l'rinco Puskiewitsch passed Brody on the 15th.” 
CONSTANTINOPLE, April 10. 
Kostendjo has been set on Ore by tho rctiiing irregular 
troops. 
GALLIPOLI, April 11. 
The Vulcan has arrived herewith the 44th Regiment, and 
three companios of tho 50th. Tho Knnguroo, with tho 03rd 
Regiment and other dctachuicuts. Tho troops wero well. 
The Greeks aro flying from Turkey. 
General Browne and Colonels Sullivan and Liurenco, 
with the Rifle Brigade, and Colonel Victor of tho Artillery, 
with 100 Sappers, huvo arrived kt the camp of Courail, 
tlirce leagues from Gullipoli. Four thousand French sol- 
diers, under the orders of General Canrobert, are encamped 
there. Horses arc not to be had. Tlio best understanding 
exists among the allied troops. The Pasha of Adrlanople 
does every thing in his power to facilitate our arrangements. 
The S ippers huvo began to fortify the Isthmus. 
ATHENS, April 14. 
An Anglo-French note of a menacing character bus or- 
rived. A Greek ship with ammunition has boon captured olT 
the Island of Negropont. 
Prince Paskiewitsch left Warsaw on the night of tho 8th 
inst., fur Fokechanl, in Wullachia, which ho seems to have 
fixed on for his hcad-quurters. General Froloff has pro- I 
ceded him thiihor ; he is accompanied by Major-General 
Prince Beboutoff, von Kruscnstcrn, tho ch<f of his diplo- 
matic clianccllcriu, Stuataratli von Otuchluu, nil his uil- 
jutants, and a variety of civil and military officers. Ills 
wife and family remain behind in Warsaw, whero General 
von Rudiger lias ulieady entered on his duties as Doputy- 
Vieoroy of l’olund. Tlio present strength of the military 
force in Poland is stated by competent authorities to bo iio 
less than 105,000 men, which is about to bo increased by 
nearly 30,000 men in the courso of this month. This con- 
stant accumulation of troops in Polund is attributed to tlio 
unsatisfactory (in (lie eyes of the Emperor) attitude of tlio 
German Powers. 
Tho Russians are intrenching themselves ot Uirsova. 
As Omar Pasha 1ms issued orders to tlio troops occupying 
the second or Balkan lino of defence to begin their march 
towards the Dunubo on the 10th, it is supposed that some 
positive tis.-u ranees relative to the arrival of the allies must 
have reached him. Ten English merchant vessels, laden 
wi tli provisions and ammunition, arrived ot Varna on tlio 
1st of this month.. On the Gill, an “ order of the day " 
was published at Widdin, that the same military honours 
were to be paid to English anil French os to Turkish 
officers. Up to tlio 0th, nothing now had occurred on the 
Duiiubc. Too Turks maintain their various positions be- 
tween Trajan’s Wall and Silislrin. 
Soma ‘2,400 English troops were at Gallipoli on the first 
of tliis month, and with them the vanguard of tho French 
troops under Cuptuin Exeolmans. According to tho corres 
spomlent of the Wanderer, General Cunrobort will remain 
for a time at Gallipoli, but General Bosquet, with bis slafi’, 
will at once go to tlie Danube. 
Orsova, 9th. — Extreme activity prevails among tho 
Turks, and it is bolieved that important events will occur 
about tlio 20th. 
town, who were in the hubit of sending information to the 
enemy. 
Ekzuroum, March 21.— Vigorous measures arc at length 
taken by all parties to be ready to open tlio campaign tho 
middle or end of April, weather permitting. The heavy 
battery cannon, so long lying idle here, have been dismounted, 
nnd placed upon sledges composed of two heavy logs of wood 
attached to each other in tho form of an acuto triangle, with 
iho base behind and tho upux at tho yoko, tlie muzzle of tho 
gun being fixed in front. They aro dragged by oxen, us uro 
also tlio light field pieces; but these latter uro not dis- 
mounted. 
THE WAR IN ASIA. 
Kars, Feb. 20.— Nothing will bo done hero in all probn 
bility for two months. At tlie prosont moment tho troops 
quartered here do not outnumber 15,000; of tlieso one-half 
aro laid up by sickness, caused by privations, cold, bad and 
scanty food, Ac., and the typhus. Tlie average deaths or 
32 to 35 a duy. General Guyon Ims been doing his bo-->t 
and is truly greatly loved by the subaltern officers and the 
men. He bus established a cordon of outposts and detached 
sentinels all around the city, at the distance of somo 15 or 
16 milos. They oxtend in a domiluno over somo hundred 
miles of ground, tlio furthest ones being only separated by 
small river from tlie udvuuced sentinels of the Russians, and 
all being relied in good military style with the town. Tl 
Turks hnd no idea of any such thing before, nnd great pni 
weie necessary in order to make them understand tho use 
fulness of this most important port of militury craft and 
warfare. The thing was at lust accomplished by the united 
exertions of Guyon and tlio foreign officers on his staff, and 
they al 1 unite in say ing that thcTurkish soldiei s, when unco > ou 
have explained to them what they must do, do their duty well 
Guyon is indeed the beau ideal of u soldier, in Ids looks 
manners, conversation, and everything. He is from 38 
40 ycurs old, middle-sized, with a fine ample brow, and such 
clear, soul-reading bluo eyes. Ho has a knack of looking 
you from time to timo with a quick, sharp, penetrating 
glance, that seems to go straight through you. Ho exer- 
cises a real fascination on all who approach him ; and 
generals and all ore completely won over to his side. The 
foreign officers here have reached the number of twenty- 
three, and enclosed is a list of their numes. Bien entmdu 
that wo officers compose all tho foreign society here, as not 
a single civilian from Europe graces this ungodly place. None 
of the common supciflutties of life are to bo met with 
here — nothing but the necessary is found, and even that not 
al ways. 
FOREIGN OFFICERS AT KARS. 
Poles. — General DrianBki (Schahnn Pasha), General 
Bcstchianovski (Aslan Pusliu), Colonel Gostchiminski (Rufan 
Bey), Colonel Pucheck (Ildoriin Bey), Major Jordan (Jot dun 
Bey), Major Viarusky (Mehcmct Rcfic), Major Choskovsky 
(Adam Emir), Adjutant- Major Tugmin (Toussouf), Adju- 
tunt-Major Sopchinski (Moussa), Captain Choskovsky Jean 
(Omer), Captain Farnese (Arif), Captain Porkovski (Rabiu), 
Lieutenant Prorock (Aclimct), and Doctor Narkievith. 
Hungarians. — General of Division Guyon (Kurschid 
Pasha), General of Brigade Kinctly (Ismail Pusliu), Major 
Scheidenberg (Rahil), Adjutant-Major Schimler (Voly), 
Lieutenant Mundel (Soiirn), Lieutenant (Solimau), 
and Lieutenant (Selim). 
Italian. — Captain DeCoelis (Iloorscliid). 
American. — One captain. 
There is not one single deserter here from tho Russian 
army — much less three or four thousand, as Sudik Pasha 
said in Constantinople. Tho Polish Generals and everybody 
else ore waiting for news from Constantinople. All depends 
upon tho first courier. 
Feb. 20, 1 1 p.m. 
To-morrow morning we are all off to tho outposts for a 
few days. We received our orders from General Guyon this 
evouing. Exactly 132 villages are to be explored, so as to 
see where accommodation can be found for ton moro battalions 
and squadrons of cavalry and infantry that must be quartered 
there. Tlie full of Aclimct and the elevation of Zarif Pasha, 
present governor of Erzcroum, to the Muchirlick of Kars, 
was officially cominunicnted to us this evening, and every- 
body rejoices at the change. 
Erzbuoum, March 17. — An Armenian spy has been 
caught in the act of taking a list of the cuunon, their 
weight of metal, number of bulls, Sec. Having been subjected 
to the punishment of tho stick, lie confessed having been sent 
by the Russian officer commanding at Guuiri to Kars for 
hat purpose, and also implicated several Armenians in tho 
NAVAL OPERATIONS IN THE BLACK SKA. 
THE RUSSIAN FLEET. 
(From the Invalido flusHt.) 
After the occupation of the eastern shores of tho llluck 
S. a in tho last war against Turkoy, tho Government erected 
all along tlie coast betweeu Ghelemljik and Gugrl, a series 
of temporary posts, ami established cruisers by muuns of 
galleys of a particular construction, manned by Cossacks from 
the Sea of Azoff. At present, tho circumstances under which 
theso posts had been built having changed, it bccunio neces- 
sary to consider that, in consequence of their position, they 
bail no land communication with each other, mid that their 
garrisons, therefore, left completely isolated from tlio main 
body of our forces, could not bo of any service iu tho gene- 
ral system of our future operations. On tlieso grounds tho 
aido-de-camp, General Prince Munschikoff, vus ordered to 
suppress these posts, after huvlng withdrawn tho garrisons. 
Prince MonschikofF has accomplished this sorvlco with the 
success which accompanies ull tlie operations of tlio fleot in 
the Black Sea. 
On tho 3rd of March ho despatched from Gholondjlk tho 
steamer Molndots, under tlio flag of Vicc-Admirul Sero- 
briakoff, towing rowboats ; the Criinoa, under the (lag of 
Renr-Admirul Panflloff, towing the Mamnl transport ship ; 
the Odessa, towing the Hzyb; the Chersonosu, towing tho 
Gostogsi ; tlie Uoidts, towing tlio Kudos; the Mogoutchy, 
towing tlio Teenies ; and tho Argonauto, towing rowboats. 
In coasting along tho shores of Circassia, ami whonuvor 
they arrived opposite a post, they loft tlio vessels necessary 
for the embarkation to tlio garrison ; hut on approaching 
Nuvaghinsk, two stuurnurs, the one Frouch, tho other Eng- 
lish, were signalled. Tho embarkation was suspended, and 
measures were takon to propuro for uctiou ; however, tho 
enemy’s ships remained in tho oiling, passed before ours, 
uml the embarkation was resumed. 
In the meantime, opposite tlio post Vuliitmluuff, tlieso two 
steamers stopped the hired transport llzyb; two officers 
huiled her, and addrossod to her commumlor, Lluutenant 
Tchchyscheff, tlio fullowiug questions : — 
“ What steamers liavo you soon near tho post of Nava- 
ghinsk ?’’ Answer — “ Somo Russian stoamors of wur.” 
“What aro they doing at that point!" Answer — 
There is an admiral there, and ho Ims not told mo his In- 
structions.” 
“Who is burning the posts— you or tho Circassians t" 
Answer — “ We." 
“ Why do you burn them ? ” Answer-—" Boctiusosuch is 
the order given ? ” 
“ Where is your fleet ? ” Answor— “ I don’t know, but I 
bolievnit to be at sea, and very noar." 
Alter having roceivod theso answers, tho two stoamors 
dopnrted, having described themselves us tlio Mogador and 
the Sampson. Ou the 5th tlio whole expedition anchored 
at Novorosslisk, where it dlscmburkcd tho garrison of tha 
posts of Nuvnghinsk, Golovino, I.uzareff, Vcliuminoff, Tong- 
hinsk, anil Novotroitsk. Storms hud prevented tlio squad- 
ron of Rear-Admiral Voukntlten emburkiug tho garrison of 
the post of St. Esprit. Tho removal of this garrison took 
place between tlio Gilt and lOlli by means of tho steamer 
Gromouossets, aboard which was sent Colonel Skolkoff, 
aide- do- camp of the Emperor. From all tlieso posts, be- 
sides tlio garrisons, which make up an effective forco of 
5,000 mon, they einburkod all tlie families of tho soldiers, 
tlio workmen, and u great part of tho stores of tlio Crown. 
Tho rest, us well as tho buildings, were burnt, and tho forti- 
fications were blown up. Our military resources huvo thus 
been augmented by an important body of picked troops, 
accustomed to war by long service in thecontroof an unsub- 
dued country. [Such is tlie Russian account of un Incident 
which is now the topic of ungry conversation in every Lou- 
don circle. Wo dissent from those who throw a slur upon 
tlio Sampson for not attacking tho enemy. Let tho saddle 
of blamo be put upon tho right horse — somebody higher iu 
rank than the captain of this steamer, who could not 
hut obey orders. Had tlie order to “ sink, burn, und destroy,” 
been really issued, the Sampson would huvo returned to 
Stamboul with plenty of prizes. Ed. op “The Field.’’] 
The following is an extract from a Constantinople letter 
of the 5th inst. . 
“ Wo have just returned from tho fleets, anchored at 
Kavarna. Tlio Sidon, Fireband, and Mogudoro (French) 
aro off the entranco of Iho Danube, for the purpose of pro- 
venting the Russians throwing In supplies ; tho Cacique it at 
Varna; the Retribution, Tigrc, und Niger are in the Bos- 
phorus. Tlio squadrons are pretty healthy.” 
Tlio following communication of curlier dato has been re- 
ceived from an officer of tlio Black Sea fleot by his friends 
In England. “TnERAPIA, March 25. 
« We have no news, all remaining very quiet, und anxiously 
wishing for orders. Sampson and Retribution liuve just re- 
turned from tlio Black Sea, the former from the southern 
coust. The Russians have abandoned the forts on tlio Cir- 
cassian coast, and tho Circassians have blown them up. 
Slio fell in with somo Russian steamers towing transports 
with troops. She hoarded ono vessel. Retribution, from tho 
Danube, report all quiet. Fury bus been employed in saving 
the cargo of tho ship Celeste, which was wrecked when in 
tow of Ardent. Fury succeeded in bringing up 020 casks or 
all kinds. Her first lieutenant superintended tlie entire ar- 
rangements. It was a very tiresome work to tlio rnou and 
officers attending, being at tlio wreck from uhout 0 n.rn. to 
5.30 p.m., merely returning to dinner, tho thermometer 
below freezing 1 and 2 degrees, and having to work In the 
water. Our second trip wo took a diving dress, and found 
tlio divers very useful, they having succeeded in saving 300 
casks. Fury being very short of officers, made this work 
more tiresome (second lioutonunt ut hospital), und having 
only two midshipmen besides her Beuior lieutenant and 
“ We have great cause of complaint in tho fleot ot anchor 
from want of proper attention being paid to men and officers’ 
letters. They havo been known, and not on un frequent oc- 
currence, to remain for threo or four days in the signal offico. 
