THE FIELD. 
427 
ntiently, several others were confined, and amongst them 
was the chief baker— of coarse a Greek— named Kosman, 
w ho > s worth several millions of piastres, all made through 
Turkish contracts, and for which he lias thus displayed his 
(Tratitude. As yet their fate is not determined on. ' There 
jir,, no written proofs of their guilt in the hands of the 
authorities, but it has been ascertained that Therzopolu was, 
gome short time since, at Gnmri, a Russiun fortress near the 
frontier, and tho evidence of the man first nrrestod is most 
conclusive. Several others, and some in high authority, arc 
suspected and carefully watched. In consequence of this 
discovery, it is very probable that martial law will be shortly 
proclaimed in Kars and tho surrounding districts. This step 
is most necessary, owing to the proximity of the Russian 
frontier, and the numerous Greeks and Annonians established 
here, who are all Russian at heart. In ordor to relieve 
gars from being exposed to a coup de main, it has been de- 
cided that fortifications shall bo established on tho heights 
commanding tho town. As a system of regular fortifications 
would employ much limo and money, neither of which can 
bo spared, General Guyon has determined on the con- 
struction of six or eight redoubts, connected by parallel 
General Guyon (Khurschld Pasha) is literally adored 
by thetrdops, and well merits theirdevotion. A more perfect 
specimen of a soldier cannot bo imagined, and England may 
be proud of this her son. In porson Guyon is of the middle 
height, strongly but gracefully built. His features are finely 
chiselled, and sot off by a nutty brown beard. But what 
strikes universal attention, as it did mine, is the immense 
power concentrated in his blue eyes. I liuvo never before 
seen eyes so brilliant and so piercingly searching. They 
read through a man's heart and soul. Tho personal ac- 
tivity of General Guvon is astounding, and proves his framo 
to be made of steel. lie rises at six, works hard until 
eleven or twolve, and then sots out on horseback either to 
visit tho fortification works or to reviow the troops. lie 
thus remains mounted some six or seven hours, which, in 
the present season of the year, with its aching cold, is no 
small feat. Then ho returns to work, sees everybody and 
everything. All business passes through his hands, and 
most of the plans now in operation aro tho children of his 
brain. Snatching time for a hasty meal, the general re- 
sumes his hard labour until two in tho morning, when he 
retires to bed only to get up again at six. This activity is 
catching, and even the sluggish nalivo officers have not 
escaped the infection. 
Constantinople, April 15. — In the forenoon of yester- 
day (Good Friday) tho Himalaya, of the Peninsular and 
Oriental Steam Company, cast anchor at the entrance of 
the Bosphorus, in front of tho great barrack of Scutari, on 
the Asiatic side. The Himalaya has tho 4lst and 33d 
regiments on board (Brigadier-General Adams). Up to 
Thursday wo had been in the enjoyment of tho most mag- 
nificent weather; indeed summer seemed fairly set in. On 
tile night between Thursday and Friday, however, a sudden 
change for the worse took place, and the morning broke 
with a downright snow-storm, accompanied by a strong 
north wind, but tho weather has again become fiuo. 
The great barrack of Scutari, which is capable of contain- 
ing 18,030 men, is situated on an eminence not 100 yards, 
from the sea-coast, and is only one of the many others that 
surround Constantinople. Everything had, some days 
before, boon got ready for the recepfiou of our troops; 
great supplies of corn and other provisions have been bought 
up by the commissaries, and contracts entered into for the 
daily delivery of muny thousand pounds of meat, bread, 
See. The troops were formed iuto small detachments as 
they stopped on shore, and at once marched up the 
hill to their new home. A regiment of Turkish infantry 
was drawn out in front of tho principle entrance of the 
building, and tho Turkish baud played a hearty welcome to 
tho British allies us they stepped past. Turkish officers 
and interpreters were in waiting to receivo tho troops. Tho 
Pasha of Scutari whs also in attendance, whilst 
Others had gone on board to welcomo tho new coiners. Our 
soldiers were looking well, smart and active, and seemed 
glad at exchanging the close steamer for tiie clean and 
roomy accommodation of tho Turkish barruck. The first 
hundred men had scarcely entered the building before 
British sentries were alreudy parading up und down at the 
four gates. This metamorphosis seemed much to puzzle the 
population of Scutari. Hummals (Turkish porters) and 
arubahs (carts with oxen), were ready waiting at tho land- 
ing-place, and took up the luggage. The regimental dog of 
tho 41st Regiment, with “41” marked on his side, was 
there wagging his tail, and evidently quite aware that 
lie was in Turkey. I should recommend the Scuturi 
curs to keop out of his way, as lie did not seoin a 
gentleman to be trifled with, but, us an ally, it may 
be presumed that he will not bo exposed to much insult. 
Scutari is the most genuine Turkish suburb of Constantinople. 
It is entirely inhabited by Mulioinedans, and the people are 
not a little dumh-founded at seeing 2,000 redjacket giaours 
suddeuly quartered amongst thorn. They know that they 
come as friends and allies, and as sucli they receive them. 
The Turkish women’s curiosity is greatly moved, and those 
assembled were pattering about m their yellow morocco 
boots and slippers, their eyes peoring out with dark lustre 
from under the white yastinutli. “ Inglis askier tcliok 
Guzel” (The English soldiers are well-looking), was said by 
one near ine ; to which another replied, “ Sakallar yok ” 
(They have no beards). At Scutari the soldiers will havo 
little or no temptation for strolling about, as they will meet 
0 population of out-and-out Turks, and there is a general 
absence of those little wine-shops und taverns which abound 
in the Christian suburbs of Peru and Galuta, and which 
would naturally be resorted io. In fuel, at Scutari they 
will never see a Frank, with the excoption of their own com- 
rades. The population of Scutari is considered very fanatical, 
°r, rather, anti-giaour. 
six days for another steamer to carry despatches thence to 
Marseilles, we may calculate upon being several duys yet 
without detailed written accounts of tho bombardment. 
About twenty ships of war ore said to have been engaged 
in the attack on Odessa, and we shall doubtless hear that 
they havo not ail come out of the fray uninjured. 
Hie following aro some details respecting the apparition 
of the Russian cavalry at Kustendje, bolow the mouths of 
the Danube. Tho steninors Sidon and Magellan were both 
anchored .in that port, and the captain of the latter, with 
some of his men, set out on a shooting excursion. Having 
arrived at a wood in the neighbourhood of tho town, the 
party encountered some troopers belonging to a regiment of 
Russian cavalry in ambush at no great distauco from tho 
spot. Tho French commander and his men opened instantly 
n brick firp, ami having killed two of t lie Russians, betook 
themselves in all haste to their hoat, which they found un- 
fortunately stranded. Tho Russiuiis cumo on in numbers, 
nnd would have necessarily captured tho whole French 
party, had it not been that tho affair was descried by people 
on bourd tho Magellan, who, by means of a shell, launched 
at all risks and all hazards, but with ndmirablo precision, 
killed several of the Russian party, without inflicting the 
slightest injury on their own friends. Tho confusion pro- 
duced by so unexpected a reception, enabled the captain and 
his men to right their bout, cinburk, uud regain their ship. 
The first shell from the Magellan was followed up by several 
shots from her long guns, which, it is understood, did good 
execution, and dispersed pele-vuilo the Muscovites. 
dUill 
ADMIRALTY, April 2$. 
( From Tuesday’s Gazelle.) 
First Lieut, and Adjt. William Mansell, to bo Capt., vlco Pitcairn 
Onslow, to retired lull pay. 
Second Lieut. James Pultenoy Murray, to be First. Lieut., vlco Man- 
soll, promoted. 
11. il.S. Wellesley, 72, is ordcrod to be commissioned immedi- 
ately, ns ordinary guordship nt Chatham, to ho rigged nnd stored, 
so ns to be ready for immediate sea sorvioo, if required. The 
officers nnd men of tho Poietiors will ho transferred to her. 
Fbvbr Afloat. — Tlio Seal ark, 8, Lieutenant Fenwiok, enruo 
into Portsmouth lmrbour on Monday from Bpithond. Sim put 
back from her cruise in search of prizes in tho Channel, owing to 
the appearance of one or two cases of fever among her crew. 
FRENCH NAVY AND MERCHANT SERVICE. 
The French Navy List. — The Imperial navy is at present 
composed ns follows : — 
Sailino Navv. 
Sum of tub Line. 
9 of 120 guns carrying 1,080 guns. 
14 of 100 guns carrying 1,400 guns. 
19 of 90 guns carrying 1,710 guns. 
11 from 80 to 82 guus ... carrying 914 guns. 
53 ships. 
42 from 00 to 50 guns 
1G from 40 to 40 guns 
FntOATES. 
5,006 guns. 
carrying 2,2811 guns. 
Currying G70 guns. 
3,055 guns. 
N A. VAX OPERATIONS IN THE BLACK SEA. 
BOMBARDMENT OF ODESSA. 
Paris. — The Moniteur of Tuesday published a telegraphic 
despatch from Vicuna of tho 30th ult., containing official 
news of the bombardment of Odessa on tho 23rd ult. by 
vessels of the combined fleets. The cannonade had lasted 
ten hours, and continued when tho dosputch left. One of 
the Russian batteries had been completely destroyed, and 
several Russian ships, which wore moored in the harbour, 
were burned. That Odessa has been attacked is, therefore, 
now certain, but for the details via Constantinople wo have 
*4111 to wait. The fleets aro stated (by telegraphic despatch) 
to have left Odessa on tho 20th. Allowing thirty-six hours 
lor a steamer to take despatches to Constantinople, and then 
58 frigates. 
Corvettes. 
39 from 30 to 14 guns ... carrying 8G8 guns. 
Brigs, Schooners, and Cutters. 
101 from 20 to 4 guns ... carrying 1.00G guus. 
Transport-corvettes, Lighters, ate. 
30, carrying together 788 guns, nnd measuring 18,600 tous. 
Steam Navy. 
3 ships, 20 frigates, 30 corvettes, and 64 avisos, roprcsontlng a power 
of 28,750 horses. 
In the above return are included several ships, which are 
still on the stocks. 
Black Sea. — The following is an extract from a report 
addressed to the Minister of Marine by Vice-Admiral llamclin, 
commandant-in-chief of the French squadron in the Black Sea, 
dated on board the Villede Paris, at the anchorage off' Bat-sclii, 
April 10: — “The English steam-frigate Furious went on the 
Gtli of this month to Odessa, to claim the consuls and such of 
our subjects as might wish to leave the place at the approach 
of hostilities with Russia. The Furious arrived here yesterday; 
and in throwing your eye over the report of the captain of that 
frigate, your excellency will see thut notwithstanding the Hag 
of truce which she had hoisted, and which her boat also carried, 
the batteries of Odessa, the number of which has of late been 
very’ considerably increased, treacherously lired seven cannon- 
shot on the boat, a few minutes after she had left the quay and 
the maritime authorities. This is a proceeding without example 
in the history of the wars of civilised nations. It is necessary 
to go buck to 1829, the period at which the Dev of Algiers did 
the same to the Provence line-of-battle-ship (and tins was a 
line-of-battle ship), in order to find a similar fact — in other 
words, we must seek an example in a war with barbarians. 
Admiral Dundas and I are about to concert tile severe measures 
which are called for by such a proceeding." 
Greece. — The French war steamer Heron, near Chalcis, 
stopped a Greek vessel having on board 205 barrels of powder, 
120 boxes of cartridges, cartridges for field artillery, and 
muskets, which were taken on board at Nauplia, and which 
were on their way to Lauiia, in order to he forwarded to 
the Greek Bands of Thessaly and Epirus. The coinmauder 
of the vessel threw iuto the sea all the stores, in compliance 
with the orders he had received. This energetic act of the 
French officer has irritated to the utmost the Greek Govern- 
ment, which has protested, seeing that it was done without a 
previous declaration of war, and in the heart, as it were, of the 
kingdom of Greece. 
The French Ships op War in the Downs. — Deal. — Our 
party first ran alongside tlie little Lucifor etoamer, 200-horse 
power. Wo woro received witli the greatest politeness nnd 
shown down below, where a gallant young French gentleman 
made one of my fair companions a present of a bouquet which 
lie had brought direct from Brest. The squadron consists of tho 
following vessels: — Inflexible, 90, Vice-Admiral Poreevol ; 
Duguesclin, 90, Contrc-Aduiirnl Penaud ; Tago, 100 ; Jem- 
inoppes, 100; Uorculc, 100; Breslau, 90. Frigates— Ponrsui- 
vnnto, 50; Virginie, 50; Zo nobio, 50. Steamers — Darien, 
450-horse power; Lucifer, 200. Tho following ships also will 
form n subsidiary division ; — Duperro, 74; Trident, 74; Scmil- 
lnnte, CO; Andromaque, 90; Vengeance, 00; Psyche, 40. 
Stoainers — Pblcgethon, 400-horse power; Milan, 200-liorso 
power; Souffleur, 200-horso power; Bairn, 120-horse power. 
With all this goodly show, however, every Frenchmen I havo 
met with cheerfully acknowlodgos-the supremacy of Great Britain 
on the sen. “Your domain, 1 ' say they, “is or. tho sea; ours 
on land.” My friends and myself afterwards sailed out 
to tho Tnge, the crow of whieli woro exercising their guns 
nt the time. The precision, celerity, and earnestness with 
which tho guns were served, showed a high state of discipline. 
Tho sailors wero most of thorn fresh-colouroJ, good-looking 
young fellows. The ships of the squadron havo been very good 
customers to this little dull town, having spent £1,000 for fresh 
meut, and one baker was nearly overwhelmed by un order for 
14,000 loaves. 
The line-of-battle ships, Breslau and Tago, having been in 
collision, will proceed to Sbeornesa to repair damage. 
Arrivals at St. Vinobnt’s — A ccounts received from St. 
\ invent a, Capo do Vords, report the arrival of the steamer (Jitoen 
of the South from Southampton, and the steamer City of Hobart, 
from London, both bound to Melbourne, dto. 
Southampton. — -Tho Royal Mail steamer Sovorn, Lieutenant 
llnat, H.N., Commander, will takeout the next Brazil nml Ilio 
L» Plata mails of the Otll inst. In uonsequonco of tho 7th of tho 
month railing on Sunday, tho mails for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, 
Cadiz, and Gibraltar will bo JospntcUod by the Tagus steamer on 
Monday, tho Stli inst. 
Search. — T ho Plmmix screw steam sloop, Cap- 
tain Edward A. Inglcflold, and tho Talbot sailing voaaol, Com- 
mander Jonktns, both loft Woolwich nt un early hour on Wed- 
nesday morning for tho Arolic Roglona, with supplies for Sir 
Edward Belcher’s expedition. These vessels proceeded to Groon- 
hitlio to havo their compasses adjusted nml observations made, so 
ns In oomparo them with the aspects of the heavenly bodies In 
the far norlhorn regions. Captain IngluHold takes out with him 
on tho present occasion n most oomploto aeries of the nrtiolos used 
by photographists for depicting nature as soon in tho Polar ro- 
gvmis. The Diligence is Hourly completed in her stores, mid will 
bo towed' to Grounhilho before tho departure of the expedition. 
Tub Fox 1’uuutb.— Her Majesty’s frigate Fox, 42, Captuin 
Tarlolon, C.U., nrrivod at Spilhend on Wodnoaduy morning 
from the East India station. Captain Tarlctoii landed, communi- 
cated with the Port Admiral, and nt a few minutes before eight 
her anchor was, up, and alio was away for tho Downs, whoro the 
will transfer her woll-tvninod nnd experienced crow to the lino-of- 
bnlllo-ahips fur the Bnllio, horsulf returning to port to ho paid oil’. 
TWO HUNDRED LIVES LOST IN THE CHANNEL. 
A collision occurred onrly on Friday morning last wock in the 
Channel, off the Start, botwoon n llromon omigrnut ship, tho 
Favourite, Captain Hoognian, bound to Baltimore, with nearly 
iwo hundred pouougor*, nml the Amoriouu vossol llotpor. Tho 
ill-fated Favourite was u barquo of botwoon 400 and 000 tout 
harden, nnd was manned by norow of fourtoon, including tic o 
mates. She wot a Bremen built vessel, nnd left tho port about 
tho 18th ult, for Baltimore, with 101 emigrants (180 adults, 
mostly mon, nml 11 infants) on board. Between ono and two 
o'clock on tho Friday morning sho made tho Start light, nml (lion 
wore off on tho othor tack. Sho had not continued on the tnck 
long, however, wlmn, about two o'clock, n ship was ohsorvod 
omning towards her. The instant sho was descried halls woro 
exchanged, but tho distnneo between tho two vessels was too 
limited to provont a collision occurring , for before oittior ship 
could bring up or slay her progress, tho Favourite was struck on 
tho starboard side by the approaching vessel, which camo stem 
on, carrying away her foremost, yards, rigging, and, imloed, 
culling her down to the wntor's-edgo. Tho ferae of the collision 
is said to have boon of a most tromondous oharaotor. Almost 
directly afterwards the ships partod from oaoh othor. Tho emi- 
grants could be just seen to ho rushing on deck in tho most 
frantic confusion ; but tho lionvy son nml wind which prevailed 
entirely prevented llioso on hoard tho Hooper rondoring nny 
prompt aid towards rescuing tho unhappy oroaturos. Tho 
Fnvourito was observod to have boon out down bolow tho low 
water lino, nml was fast settling forward. At daybreak not a 
vestige of tho ship could ho soon. It decs not npponr that any 
of tho heats of tho American woro lowered uftor the collision, hut 
tho stato of the night may oxpluin why this was not dono. As to 
tho fate of the barque and her living freight, uo doubt is ontor- 
tained that they wont down, und that not ono of them osoapod a 
watery grove, except tho captain, mate, nnd four men, who 
jumped on hoard tho Hespor. Tho survivors woro forwarded by 
the consul-general back to Broinon nml Hamburg ly one of tho 
Genornl Steam Navigation Company's steamers. Tho total 
number who have porishod by this sad oatustropho amounts to 
no fewor than 201. 
STEAMERS. 
The Loss of tiib Ercolano. — It was in the night from 
tho 24th to the 25th nit., in tho waters between Nice and 
Antibes, that the Sicilia and tho Ercolano came Into collision, 
having nt the time all their steam up. It was midnight ; there 
was a heavy sea, and tho weather was dark ami rainy. There 
was a strong wind. It was a time of indescribable terror and 
confusion. In less than toil minutes the Ercolano, in the hull 
of which the Sicilia hud made a largo opening, sank. Tho 
Sicilia received but slight in jury. Tho four boats of tho Sicilia, 
which were launched immediately, saved as many of those who 
were swimming ns could be heard. Of all the women oil board 
the Ercolano, only one was saved— Maria Amhruxmio, a cham- 
bermaid. She was upon deck. Sir Robert l*e«’l also escaped 
by a miracle. Ilis secretary and two servants perished. Among 
the persons who were lost are reckoned 86 passengers and 12 
sailors. A sailor and a passenger, who had been clinging to ouo 
of the fragments of the Ercolano, were picked up in tho waters 
of Nice by a bark. — Corricre Mvrcantik. 
An English passenger on board the Ercolano, who lias arrived 
at Nice, gives the following account : — 
“ After having supped with Sir Robert Peel, 1 went on deck 
to smoke a cigar. The night was very dark, and the sea ex- 
ceedingly rough, I was walking backwards and forwards, and 
was astonished nt not seeing any officer. The captain was 
in his cabin. I perceived a light at a certain distance, and 
I Informed the helmsman, who made no reply. I repeated my 
warning with uneasiness, because it appeared to me that tho 
light was coming towards us. All of a sudden a frightful shock 
was felt. The musts gave way. Two sailors having launched 
a boat I got into it, and this was how I was saved. I heard 
piercing cries, and the voices of women. A few minutes after- 
wards the Ercolano sank with all on hoard. I several times 
called Sir Robert I’eel by his name, without receiving any 
answer. The Ercolano had no light."— I'artamento, of 1 urin. 
Arrival of thk Himalaya.— Southampton, Wednesday, 
Ma V ;j. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam-ship 
Himalaya, Captain A. Kollock, arrived here at noon to-day 
from Malta nml Constantinople, having left the former island 
at 1 p.m. on the 23rd ult. The whole voyage lias been per- 
formed with tho propelling power of only one engine. I’lio 
Himalaya brings 1G8 passengers, among whom are about 50 
young naval officers, proceeding from Admiral Dnndas’s 
squadron to join Sir C. Napier's fleet ill the Baltic. She also 
brings 23 non-commissioned officers, selected from different 
regiments, who are sent home to drill ami prepare recruits 
for foreign service. Her cargo is what slw discharged ut 
Malta when she took the 33d and 41st regiments to .Scutari, 
and re-shipped on her return. She exchanged colours and 
signals with the following ships April 23, screw steamer 
Army and Navy, approaching Malta; and, 230 miles north- 
west of Malta, transports Nos. 10 and 11, nil steering for that 
island ; at 2 p.iu. on the 30th, 15 miles south of Cape Finisterre, 
steamer (supposed) Iberia, steering for Vigo. Hie Himalaya 
did not touch at Gibraltar, but passed that gamaon at 10 p.m 
on the 27th ult. . „ 
Monntf.h Steam bus.— There are now m the .Southampton 
dorks four mail steam pocket* viz., the Simla, Colombo, 
Atrato, and Himalaya ; three of them screws, mid one a 
paddle-wheel, the aggregate burden of which is nearly 12,000 
tons, the united length one-fourth of n mile, ami their value 
above half a million sterling. Such a sight was never before 
seen iu any port in the world. Tho four steamers occupy 
nearly two- thirds of the bides of the docks. 
