430 
THE FIELD 
gold fields. 
Nii«' Crushing Machine. — Another addition lias just 
l, e0l , , ntt do to the multiform Inventions for the crushing of 
in moral oro. The inventor in this case is a Dutch gentle- 
man named Huygens, and models of the machine were ex- 
hibited to a private party on Monday, at the Portugal 
Hotel, Fleet-street. The leading feature of the invention 
is a succession of curves sloping downwards with an angle 
of 45 degrees. The motion is dependent on the structure 
of the curves; and the ore placed in them is subjected 
during the rotation to the double action of stamping and 
grinding — the crushing bodies are left to their own free 
action. Should water bo required, a pumping apparatus 
may bo connected with the shaft, and put in motion with 
ti e basin. With balls weighing 500lbs., a diameter of six 
feet for the basin, and 0 horse power, it is estimated that 30 
tons of ore por duy may bo crushed ; and a machine of these 
dimensions will cost about £200. Ono of the advantages 
claimed for this machine is, that it will preserve the colour 
of substances, where that Is desirablo. Though no provision 
is made for amalgamating, the Inventor thinks that that pro- 
cess also might ho combined with the crushing. The models 
exhibited , as well as the balls, wore all constructed of wood, 
mid In that form appeared to work with groat facility. It 
remains to bo seen wliethor, when metal is used, there will 
be exemption from the practical difficulties which have 
hitherto attended the business working of ull such inventions. 
California. — The steamor G<*orgo Law had, prior to 
the 11 lb ult., arrived at Now York with advices from 
California to the lOtli of March, und 803,569 dol. in specie. 
The Star of the West had also arrived with 671,489 dol. A 
physlolan of San Francisco had been killed in a duel with a 
district attorney. The Indians were very troublesome. 
The accounts from the mines were highly favourable. In 
Los Angelos the Indians made a descent upon an escort from 
the gold mines, and carried off upwards of 100 horses. The 
news from Lower California is to the effect that the Walker 
“ filibustering” expedition was totally disorganised. A 
Moxican brig of war had been despatched with troops to 
Ensenada to exterminate the invaders. Fresh discoveries 
of gold are reported from Oregon. 
Gold prom Australia. — The whole of the recent 
Australian arrivals have proved inadequate to meet the 
demand for gold for the continent, and a further considerable 
sum has been taken from the Bank of England. The States- 
man bus arrived from Port Phillip, whence she sailed the 
20th of Junuary, with 10,300 ounces of gold, valued at 
£41,200. 
fraip infflltpte. 
RUSSIA. 
The following “Manifest” of the Emperor of - Russia 
appears in a supplement extraordinary to the Journal de 
it. Petersburg of the 23rd ult.: — 
“Manifest of II. I. M. The Emperor. 
“ By the grace of God, we, Nicholas I., Emperor and 
Autocrat of all the Russia®, King of Poland, &c., make 
known to all our faithful subjects : 
“ From the commencement of our differences with the 
Turkish Government we solemnly announced to our faith- 
ful subjects that a sentiment of justice alone induced us to 
re-establish the injured rights of orthodox Christian sub- 
jects of the Ottoman Porte. We havo not sought, nor 
do we soelc, to make conquests nor to exercise any su- 
premacy whatever in Turkey, of a nature surpassing the 
influence belonging to Russia iu virtue of existing treaties. 
At that epoch we already encountered distrust ; then 
presently arose an occult (sourde) hostility on the part of 
the Governments of Franco and England, who sought to 
lead the Porte astray by disfiguring our intentions. In 
short, at this moment, England and Franco, casting aside 
the mask, look upon our difference with Turkey as a 
secondary question, and do not dissimulate that their com- 
mon object is to enfeeble Russia, and to tear from her a 
portion of her possessions," and to cause our country to 
descend from the exalted position to which it has been 
raised by the hand of the Most High. Is it for Orthodox 
Russia to fear such menaces? About to confound the 
audacity of the enemy, will she deviate from the sacred 
object assigned to her by Divine Providence? No ! Russia 
has not forgotten God. It is not for worldly interests that 
she has taken up arms. She fights for the Christian 
Faith— for the defence of her eo-religionists, oppressed 
bv implacable enemies. Let all Christianity know, then, 
that the thought of the Sovereign of Russia is also the 
thought which animates and inspires the great family ot 
Russian people — that orthodox people, faithful to Cod, 
and to his only Son our Saviour Jesus Christ. 
“ It is for the Faitli and Christianity that we fight 1 
“ Nobiscum Deus — quis contra nos ? 
“Given at St. Petersburg, the llth (23d) day of the 
month of April, in the year of Grace 1854, and of our 
reign the 29th " (Signed) “ Nicholas.” 
LtrrEKS FROM Constantinople in the Presse suy. 
a judicial Investigation at Constantinople has brought to 
biilit M>ine important pui tieulurs relative to the Russian plot 
w inch was set on foot there long ago. Baron (Eisner, the 
be' ter io deceive the Turkish Government, had offered hi- 
services as u member of the secret police, and had actually 
been engaged at a salary of 1,000 piastres per month. Bui 
bis duplicity wus betrayed by a Doctor Aska, n physician 
iu the futkish service, to whom he fancied he might safelv 
confide his secret. According to (Eisner’s statement Russia 
hoped to recruit an army of 60,000 conspirators ready to 
rise at the first signal among the Greeks and Sclavonians. 
The chief of the conspiracy at Constantinople Is said to be 
a certain Plantagenet Harrison, an individual who will be 
remembered ns having been tried in London some years 
6ince for an assault upon Major Duudas, a half-pay cavalry 
officer, and who, at that time, described himself as George 
Henry Neville de Strabolgie Plantagenet Harrison, a lieu- 
tenant-general in the armies of the Argentine Republic 
and had not since been heard of. 
We hear from Bucharest that Omar Pasha advanced 
with 70,009 men towards the Dobrudscha on the 18th or 
19th of April, and a battle took place with Luders’ corns 
between Silistria and Rassova. During the night Omar 
Pasha had detached a division in the direction of the 
Black Sea, and when the battle was at its height the npxt 
day, this corps attacked the Russians in their rear, caus- 
* Fhis is as much at direct variance with the repeated 
declarations of .the allies as .with their intentions. 
ing unexampled confusion and consternation. General 
Luders retreated towards Czernevada, and it is said that 
the Russians lost many guns, ammunition, stores, and 
baggage waggons, and even their military chest. On the 
20th, a Turkish flying corps crossed the Danube, below 
Silistria, in order to destroy the Russian strand batteries. 
They advanced to Kularash, where there was hard fight- 
ing for some hours. The Turks fought, like lions, but 
being terribly overmatched, were ultimately forced to 
retreat. 
Letters from Athens, of the 21st ult., state that an 
English mercantile brig (name not given) had been found 
aground on the Isle of Andros. There was no one in it, 
hut there were large pools of blood in the interior. It 
had evidently been captured by piratical Greeks, and two 
steamers had been sent in search of them. 
The Greek Insurrection does not make head. Peta, 
the principal centre of operations, was taken on the 23rd 
ult. oy the Ottoman forces under the command of Osman 
Pasha, after fifty minutes’ fighting. The insurgents 
mustered about 3,000 men, led by Tzavellas and Karais- 
chakis, and lmd about 150 killed. The loss of the Turks 
was 5 killed and 12 wounded. Amongst the killed is the 
secretary of Travellas. These details were furnished to 
the Lord High Commissioner by Fuad Effendi himself, 
who was present at the action. It is expected that this 
victory will go far towards procuring the submission of 
the country. 
COLONIAL INTELLIGENCE. 
DOWNING-STREET, Mat 2. 
(From the London Gazelle of Tuesday.) 
Tlio Queen lias been pleased to appoint William Ode Carr, Esq., 
to he Chief Justice of the Island of Ceylon- Hugh Culling Eardloy 
Chlldors, Edward Grimes, and Charles MacMuhon, Esqrs., to bo non- 
electlvo members ot the Legislative Council of tbo colony of Victoria, 
MALTA. 
(BY SUBMARINE AND EUROPEAN TELEGRAPH.) 
Malta, April 26. — Lord ltaglan arrived on the 25th. 
He left the same day by the Emu. The Caradoc leaves for 
Corfu to receive the Duke of Cambridge. Tho Masterman 
has arrived with artillery horses; also different French and 
English transports. 
Quebec, April 15. — Our wintor gives no sign of de- 
parture, and it freezes as hard to-day, nearly, as it has done 
any day for tho last four mouths. A very hot sun tanning 
your complexion on one side of our Quebec streets, whilst 
on the other the heaviest fur caps and coats will scarcely 
keep you from shivering, is the singular feature of our 
present season. A tolegruphic communication from the sea- 
board brought us yesterday (Good Friday) tho America’s news 
of tho declaration of war by tho Crowns of France and 
Englaud against Russia. 
The Ionian Islands. — The Duke of Newcastle has 
appointed Mr. George Ferguson Bowen, Fellow of B rase nose 
College, Oxford, Pertuinant Secretary to tho Lord High 
Commissioner to the Ionian Islunds, in tho room of Sir 
John Fraser, R.C.M.G., who is about to retire ou his pen- 
sion, after 20 years’ service in tho capacity. 
An American’s Opinion op Canada. — The Chicago 
Tribune of the 25th of March last thus writes of Cauada : — 
“ During throe weeks wo spont in Canada, wo did not fail to 
improve the many opportunities that were offered us of 
becoming intimately acquainted with tho condition of the 
province, — her institutions, her wants, her prospects, and 
her peoplo. Tho result has been that wo now entertain, not 
only a warm affection for, but a high admiration of, Canada. 
In the first place, wo admire her people. They avo a race of 
men who would do honour to any clime, and whom America 
might well be proud to rank among her sons. They are, 
with but few exceptions, distinguished for their commanding 
and noble bearing, their athletic and healthy forms, their 
rosy countenances, and their warm, hospitable, and generous 
dispositions. There is much said of the princely and muni- 
ficent hospitality of our Southern States. We have enjoyed 
it, and know well how to appreciate it. But wo do our 
southern brethren no wrong when we say that, in some 
respects, they might take a lesson with advantage of their 
cousins of Canada. These men nro also of remarkable 
information, education and intelligence. Converse with 
thorn upon any subject of interest and importance, and they 
will astonish you by the vigour of their thoughts, the extent 
of their knowledge, and tho correctness of their opinions. 
A more loyal people can hardly exist ; they are enthusiastic 
iu the praise of their Queen ; the poorest man among them 
will throw up his cap, anil stand uncovered iu the winter air 
to listen to the soul-stirring notes of ‘ God save the Queen : ’ 
and will fight at a moment’s warning ut the slightest insult 
offered to tho crown. If the men of Canada thus merit 
praise und commendation, what terms of admiration shall 
we havo to use iu speaking of the women? It is no exag- 
geration to say that the most beautiful women wo have ever 
seen are tube found in Canada. Wedo uotknow whatdreadful 
vengeance we may bring upon our heads by the assertion, hut 
wo must suy, imped, d hy a strict regard for truth, tho ladies 
ot our cilios must how in liuinhlo inferiority, iu point ol 
personal beauty and mental endowments, to their Canadian 
sisters.” 
AUSTRALIAN A. 
Outward Mail. — In compliance with the wish of Go- 
vernment, tho Peninsular and Oriental Company’s steamer 
Simla, with tho Indiu, China, and Australian mails, did not 
leave Southampton for Malta and Alexandria on tho 4th, 
hut will sail to-day, Saturday the 6th. Tho Marseilles mail 
will leave on Tuesday tho 9lh instant. 
The Marco Polo. — Australian advices mention that 
the celebrated ship Marco Polo, M’Douald, from Liverpool, 
which was ou shore at Melbourne, 3Uth Jauuary, had been 
hove off the strand there, und taken up luto Hobson’s 
Bay ; the vessel had made no water since being oti shore, 
and did not appear to have sustained much injury. 
Burning of a Melbourne Trader. — Another seri- 
ous loss was posted ut Lloyd's on Saturday afternoon, viz., 
the burning of the Irene, Captain Watson, while on a voyage 
from Loudon to Melbourne. It appears that when 31 days 
out slio was discovered to be on tiro ; all uttompU failed to 
suppress it, uud she is reported to havo been totally de- 
stroyed. Her crow and passongera are understood to have 
been preserved. 
Emigration to Australia. —The ship Marshall 
Bennett, with Government emigrants, left Southampton 
last week for Geelong. The Nuvurino will shortly leave 
the sumo port with Government emigrants for Adelaide. 
I lie Government Emigration Commissioners have chartered 
tho Black Eaglo for Melbourne, the Moffutt for Portland 
Bay, aud tho Coufianco for Adelaide. 
Emigration from the Channel Islands. — 7 0 
of the inhabitants of Guernsey havo chartered a vessel t 
enable them to emigrate to Australia. The population of 
the Channel Islands is declining. Hundreds of houses in 
Guernsey are to let. The decline is attributed to the aboli. 
tiou of indirect taxation, hy which persons with fixed and 
limited incomes can live as cheap iu England as they can in 
the Islands. n 
More Gold.— Intelligence was received on Tuesday of the 
arrival of four more vessels from Australia, viz , the Windsor 
from Sydney, Thomas Harrison from Port Phillip, Wellington 
from Portland Bay, and Potentate from Launceston. The 
gold brought in by the Windsor is only 787 ounces or 
£3,140, and the Thomas Harrison is understood to have 
none on freight. Tno Thames brings only about 2,000 
ounces, or £8,000 on freight. It is noticed as somewhat 
remarkable, that tho aggregate amount of gold brought in 
during the eight days by 13 vessels from Australia is only 
about £400,000. 
Falmouth, Wednesday.— Arrived off, the Blackwall 
Captain MacKerlie, from Melbourne, having a large freight 
of gold, and proceeded for London, after having landed her 
mails and passengers here. Spoke the Joshua, from Mel- 
bourne, lat. 20 N., long. 43 W. 
The Simla has been appointed to take out the overland 
Australian mail on the 4th of May, and the Lady Jocelyn 
has been appointed to lake out the Australian mail via the 
Cape of Good Hope on tho 4th of June next. 
Departures from the Thames. — The departures 
from the port of London for the Australian colonies during 
the past week show u decreuse. They have comprised 
altogether seven vessels — two to Port Phillip, with an aggre- 
gate burden of 1,0 + 1 tons; two to Sydney, with an 
aggregate burden of 831 tons ; one to Ilobart Town of 605 
tons; one to Launceston of 292 tons; and one to Adelaide 
of 392 tons. There total cupaeity wus conseouently 3,161 
tons. The rates of freight havo not exhibited any great 
variation. 
prat® a nb fflilitiit. 
COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY LORD LIEUTENANTS. 
[From Tuesday's London Oa zelle.J 
Royal Sherwood Foresters or Nottinghamshire Regiment of 
Militia— Lieutenant Godfrey Gardiner Gilbert Cooper Gardiner to be 
Captain, vice Mundy, resigned; Ensign John Draper Herasloy to be 
Lieutenant, vice Parkinson, resigned. 
Royal Montgomeryshire Militia— Major the Hon. Henry Hanbury 
Tracy to be Lieutenant-Colonel -Commandant, vice Conroy. Bart., 
deceased; Captain John Edward Harrymun Pryce to be Major, vice 
Tracy, promoted. May 1. 
East York Regiment of Militia— Joseph Gostling Eggington 
Esq., to bo Captain, vice Legard, resigned, April 27. 
Dorset Regiment of ’Militia— Lieutenant Morgan Devenlsh to 
be Captain, vice Gould, resigned. April 25. 
Oxfordshire Regiment of Militia— Thomas Wyatt Hale, Gent., to be 
Lieutenant, vice Shum, retired, April 25. 
2nd Regiment of Warwickshire Militia — Garnett Warburtcm, Esq., 
late Captain 3rd Foot, to be Captain, April 22. 
2nd Regiment of tho Duke of Lancaster's Own Militia— Charles Gar- 
raway, Gent., to be Ensign, April 25. 
2nd or Eastern Regiment of Militia— Lieutenant Richard Hall to bo 
Captain; Joseph Hills Underwood, Gont., to be Lieutenant, vice Hull, 
promoted, April 24. 
Hertfordshire Militia — Ensign Wm, Gerard Lysleyto be Lieutenant; 
TJios. Borron Myers, Esq., to be Lieutenant, April 23. 
Hampshire Militia Artillery— Augustus Granville Morgan, Gent., to 
be 1st Lieutenant, April 27. 
Hampshire Yeomanry Cavalry— James George Bouclicr, Gent., to bo 
Lieutenant, April 27. 
1st Cornwall Rilies Militia— Second Lioutcnant John Borlasc to bo 
Lieutenant; David William Hicks Honidon, Gent., to be Lieutenant; 
tho Hon, Hussey Crosplgny Vivian to be Lieutenant, April 27. 
[This article is substituted for that which appeared in tho Gazelle of 
Tuesday last.] 
Royal Sherwood Forrstbrs. or Nottinghamshire Regiment of 
Militia— Richard Baylls Bennett, Esq., Into Lieutenant in her Majesty's 
80th Regiment, to be Captain. 
Shropshire Regimen r of Militia— Lieutenant Henry Corbett to be 
Captain, vice Andrew G. Corbet, resigned, April 27. 
Royal South Gloucester Light Infantry Regiment of Militia— 
Arthur Charles Nelson Goldney, Gent., to be Ensign, May 1. 
4tii Regiment of West York Militia— Major George Culrnes, Into 
36th Foot, to be Major, April 25 
5th Regiment of West York Militia— J ohn Edward Marsden, 
Gent., to be Ensign, April 19. 
Urn Regiment of West York Militia— Robert Stansflcld, Esquire, 
late 19th Foot, to bo Major; Lawrence Bratnley, Esq., to be Surgeon, 
April 25. 
lsr West Regiment of Yorkshire Yeomanry Cavalry— l’nrkln 
Jeffcock, Gent., tojbc Cornet, April 10; Cornet John Hartop, to be 
Lieutenant, vice Biram, resigned ; Lionel Pilkington, Gent., to bo 
Cornet, vice Hartop, promoted ; Edward Fox, Gent., to bo Cornet, vice 
Jeffcock, promoted, April 26. 
[The following appointments are substituted fur those which appeared 
in tho Gazelle of Tuesday, April 11.] 
2d Regiment of West Youk Militia— H enry Richard Johnstono, 
Gent., to be Ensign, April 4. 
Cm Regiment of West York Militia— Hylton de Cardoncl Law- 
sou, Esq., to be Captain, March 23. 
Cost of tub Militia.— A return to tho Houso of Lords 
skowa the strength of tho militia regiments, and tho expenditure 
incurred for this forco during tho yoars 1852 and 1353. The 
number of volunteers enrolled in 1852 was 42,304, and tho 
number in 1853, 23,970, after allowing for casualties by death, 
discharge, &o. The total strength of the militia, therefore, on 
tho 1st of January, 1854, was 00,280 Tho number absent from 
the second training was 4,730. The full complement of each 
regiment would give a total force of 30,000, of which it appears 
there were, on the 1st January last. 13,720 short. Tho actual 
expenditure for the militia iu 1852-53 was £311,300, including 
£247,232 for tho effective sorvieos, £04,137 for the non-effeotive 
staff, pensioners, Ac. In 1853-54 tho ox poudituro for the effective 
services was £279,013; for tho non-effective, Ac., to 24th March, 
1854, £34,010, and for the pensioners, to February 28, 1354, 
£28,000; total, £341,628. 
The men of tiie 15 ist Middlesex Regiment of Militia assembled 
at 10 o'clock, Tuesday morning, at the head-quarters at Hamp- 
stead, for 28 days* training. 
Tho King's Own Light Infantry Regimontof (Tower Hamlets) 
Militia ussoinbled in the London- fields, Hackney, Tuesday morn- 
ing, at 9 o’clock, for 28 days’ training ond exorcise. 
The Royal Loudon Militia, under tho command of Colonel 
Wilson, assembled for 28 days' training in tho Artillery- 
ground, City-road on Tuesday, at 10 o'clock n.m. During the 
training, Mr. Borlnso Childs, the surgeon to tho corps, will, 
under the patronage of the colonel and officers, deliver a oourse 
of lectures on tho various injuries to which soldiers are ex- 
posed during war, and tho most offcctual means of assisting 
themselves at the time of the occurrence of such accidents. Since 
the last truiniug a large number of the men havo been draughted 
into tho line for foreign service. 
Tho Hampshire Militia Artillery havo just gone through 28 
days' training at Gosport, during which timo they have made 
considerable progress. They were most strictly inspected by 
Colonel Haultain, of tho Royal Artillery, commandant nf tho ar- 
tillery in the distric’. The inspection occupied three days, when 
he saw every company separately drilled by their captains. The 
second day he saw th;m asn battalion, when they were put through 
several evolutions by their field officers. Afterwards, he caused 
the captains, subaltn-ns, and staff sorjoants to tnko post at the 
great guns on tho ramparts, and work them by themselves, per- 
forming all the duties of privates. 
