437 
and lose their tempera and vent their rage upon the horee, 
who has been willingly doing the bidding of the fool behind 
him. I don’t know a more cowardly or brutal act, thau for 
a man to unmercifully beat a poor beast that is strapped 
tightly between two shafts, and entirely in his power, until 
at last the animal gets infuriated, and neither sees nor cares 
where he goes ; and should the man be as unskilful as he is 
cruel, it is a great wonder if he finishes without doing 
some mischief. Thanks, however, to those legislators who 
passed the bill for the prevention of cruelty to animals, a 
great check has been put on such barbaritios. But to my 
subject. 
Huving started, it is not wise to drive fast, if you drive 
fast at all, until your horse has lost hi6 stiffness, as all 
horses are more or less stiff on first coming out of the stable, 
[t is more difficult to drive 6lowly than fast, and if you take 
notice you will find all good coachmen doing the former. 
A first-rate whip once very truly said, “Any fool can drive 
fast.” In meeting other conveyances you take the left or 
near side, and, in passing them, the right or offside, always 
looking out that they are not about to pull in and stop on 
the side that you would be passing, or, if 60 , immediately 
take the other. At the 6atne time take plenty of room and 
keep a good hold of your horse, 60 as to get further out o 
the way if requisite. One of the chief things in driving is, if 
possible, to avoid being run against by others — such raen'as I 
have before mentioned, who pride themselves upon “ taking 
off the varnish without touching the paint.” Never drive fast 
when close behind an omnibus ; at times they stop very short, 
when it would be almost impossible to escape from running 
into them. Always pull in a little, and have your horse well 
in, before turning a corner, as some ono may be driving in the 
opposite direction, your horse might slip down, or some 
pedestrian might be about to cross the road, when you 
would be obliged to pull up suddenly at the risk of your 
shafts. Having loose reins at 6uch a time, you would have 
to, as they say at sea, “ haul in the slack,” and, by doing 
60 , most likely over-6hoot the mark, and try to remedy it 
by coming round quickly, with a hard pull ; and even if no 
accident happens, this is very bad driving. Should you go 
a little beyond where you ought to have turned, pull up and 
come round gently. Always, before stopping, bring your 
horse to a walk, as, in doing so abruptly, you may sprain 
him. Horses are very often lamed in that way, and novices 
cannot think how it possibly could have occurred, never 
dreaming that starting hastily or pulling up abruptly could 
have anything to do with it. Turning back, first look well 
if there be space to admit of the length of your horse and 
chaise, and also that there be nothing coming, otherwise, by 
taking up the road, you bring them to a full stop, and most 
likely hear 6ome unpleasant remarks. Turning ought not 
to be done by pulling one rein altogether, and letting the 
other loose ; you should feel both sides of your horses’s mouth, 
as, in turning a corner, pulling of course the one rein more 
than the other, and, if necessary, a gentle touch of the whip 
on the opposite side of the horse to that in which you wish 
to turn. In quitting the chaise, the same rule is to be 
observed as in getting in. Let your companion get out first; 
or if you only wish to do so, leave the reins in his hands. 
(To be continued ■) 
PISCATORIAL PROLUSIONS.— No. III. 
BY THE HAMPSHIRE FLY-FISHER. 
ENTOMOLOGY : — THE PHRYGANIDiE. 
Next in importance to the Ephemera or Day Flies, are 
the Phryganid®, or, as they may be termed in plain English, 
the Caddis Flies. An ordinary observer would probably 
mil these Moths, but they are perfectly distinct from the 
Pltalmn®, under which head Moths are classed, and form 
a distinct genus of themselves, of which, in Great Britain, 
there are, according to Mr. Pulman, no less thun two kindred 
species. There is no angler but Is familiar with the larv® 
of these insects, which are nothing more or less than the well- 
known bait the Caddis Worm. But perhaps it is not so com- 
monly understood that each of these in time becomes a 
winged insect, and in this 6tate offers to the finny tribes a 
supply of food as grateful and attractive as it afforded in its 
earlier stage of existence. The following account of these 
curious creatures, borrowed from Pulman's “Fly-fishing for 
Trout,” is, generally speaking, so exact, as well as 60 interest- 
ing, that I cannot forbear transcribing it, while I would at 
the same time recommend the little work from which it is 
taken, to the careful perusal of every Fly-fisher. It is one 
of the most unpretending, and at the same time most valua- 
ble books thut can be found in an angler's library. “Flies,” 
Mr. Pulman says of this family (Phryganidm), “are distin- 
guished, among many other more minute peculiarities, by 
four large dark- coloured wings, pervaded by numerous 
veins, through which the blood (or, more correctly 6pouking, 
n fluid corresponding to what in animals is called the blood) 
is said to have been discovered to circulate. The wings are 
longer thau the body of the insect, and, when at rest, lie flat 
along its back, the foremost and larger pair being folded 
over the hindermost pair. The shape and position of the 
wings indeed resemble that of the Moths, but the downy sub- 
stance found upou the wings of the latter is altogether 
wanting.’’ By this downy substance Mr. Pulman must be 
taken to meun the scales which cover the wings of the 
Pcpidopterous classes of Moths and Butterflies. But, on the 
other hand, the Phryganid® are also Trichopterous, — that 
is, they have their wings coated with a sort of huir. “ 1 he an- 
tenu® or feelers, which emanate from the front of the head 
and appear like horns, are very long, and the legs are long, 
dark, and slender. The females lay their eggs upon the 
leaves of over-hanging trees and bushes, to which they ad- 
here till they are hatched — a process which in summer 
weather soon takes place. The eggs produce little six-legged 
larv®, which fall into the water, and immediately set about 
constructing for themselves tube-like cases, in which to re- 
side secure from their numerous enemies.” After describing 
the wonderful masonry of these little insects (for particulars 
of which, I must refer the more curious reader to Mr. 
Pulman’s work, or the still more elaborate treatise of Mr. 
Spence), our uuthor goes on thus:— “ Tho larvto feod prin- 
cipally on tender aquatic plants, but some specie# are carni- 
vorous, preying on smaller insects, even of their own kind. 
After having pawed sufficient time in tho larva state to 
ONE OF THE JOYS OF ANGLING. 
arrive at the proper degree of maturity, the insect fusteus 
its case to the stem of some water-plant or other substance, 
and closing it at each extremity with a kind of grating, 
through which the water necessary for respiration flows, it 
turns to an inactive pupa, which is a further step towards 
its perfect state, the rudiments of which, indeed, now become 
clearly perceptible. In a few days it issues from its outer 
case, rises to the surface of the water, and, bursting from its 
pupa skin, appears in its last and perfect form cfa beautiful 
fly. — The time at which this class of flies appears on the 
wat6r, depends on the temperature of the season. If it is 
mild, the Sand-fly will be seen at the eud of March. As the 
season advances, the Phryganid® appear only in the morn- 
ings and evenings, and, in the height of summer, during the 
night only, thus approximating to Moths in their habits as 
well as conformation.” Mr. Pulman will pardon me, I 
hope, if I take exception in some respects to the last para- 
graph. No doubt lie is right, so far as the large brown 
Caddis Fly is concerned, in saying that it appears only at 
night. He is right, too, in 6aying that others are to be ob- 
served in greater numbers in the evening. But the same 
tiling may also be said of the Ephemerid®, to say nothing 
of Gnats and Midges. As far as my observation has gone, 
in the Hampshire waters, the Caddis Flies are to be seen 
throughout the summer by day, as well as in early morning 
or evening, — though, no doubt, the rising of the fly is more 
numerous in the evening after the water has been warmed 
with the sunshine of a summer’s day . 
I have already said that Mr. Pulman states the varieties 
of the Phryganid® at two hundred. Mr. Ronalds, how- 
ever, has only described three of these — the Grannom, the 
Sand Fly, and the Cinnamon Fly ; and these three are so 
well known to every Fly-fisher, that I do not purpose to 
say one word about them. It must be confessed that, with 
respect to the others, our knowledge is very imperfect in- 
deed, and I do not know that I can add much to it. Still — 
“Fungar vice cotis, scutum 
Reddere quae possit llcot expers ipsa seeandi.” 
I may sharpen the curiosity of others, however dull and 
spiritless I may be myself. 
As early as the beginning of April, this year, I observed 
small brown four-winged flies, which I liavo no doubt were 
Caddis Flies ; and of these, I believe, if the inquiry could 
be carefully pursued, there would be found to be numerous 
successions preserving the general characteristics, though, 
perhaps, differing in minute particulars. This is the only 
theory by which I can account for the fishes taking imita- 
tions of large dark-coloured, brown-winged flies, which, 
unless they be resemblances of Caddis Flies, have not, to 
my knowledge, any recognised prototype in nature, and I 
am quite convinced that the Trout does not intentionally 
take any fly which has not its natural original, to which it 
bears a resemblance. Take, for instance, the mysterious 
Welshman's Button. We do know, indeed, that Trout will, 
during the May-fly season, rise to this, and take it greedily, 
in preference even to the Green Drake. But what is the 
“everlasting Button” intended to iinitale? Some 6ay a 
Beetle ; others, an Alder Fly. I confess it has often struck 
me that the veritable prototype is to be found among the 
Phryganidms. In many respects, indeed, the Alder Fly, to 
a casual observer, very closely resembles many of the smaller 
brown Caddis Flies. One thing is quite clear, that, at the 
time it is so killing, you may see numbers of u large four- 
winged fly, with a dark lead-coloured body, almost approach- 
ing to black, and reddish-brown wings. But whether it is 
a variety of the Sialid® (Alder Fliesl.or Phryganid® ('Caddis 
Flies), I am not Doctor enough to decide, any more than I 
can what the fish take it to be. All I know is, that there is 
something in nature which the combination of feather and 
hackle, called the Welshman’s Button, does resemble, and 
that it resembles the Phryganid® Fly quite as much as the 
Sialid®, if not more closely. 
( To be continued.) 
Roles, <Scc., of the Henley-on-Thames Fishing 
Association. — This society, which has now been estab- 
lished about 20 years, was instituted by several gentle- 
men, lovers of angliog, for the purpose of preserving the 
water in the neighbourhood of Henley from depredations, 
and for the prevention of the destruction of the fish 
either by nets or poaching. The water rented by the 
society has been staked and strictly preserved during the 
last 20 years, and is abundautly stocked with fish of every 
description. The following are the revised rules and regu- 
lations of the society:— 1. That persons bo employed by 
the Society to preserve the fishery under tho control ot the 
committee and secretaries. 2. That no nets, iiiijbt- lines, 
or other unlawful engines for tho destruction of nsh, bo 
allowod In the water rented by the society. 3. That no 
angling be allowed during the fonoo-months, eomroenclng 
the 1st of March and ending tho 30th of April, and that 
public notice be given to that effect. 4. That any subscrip- 
tions down to two shillings and sixpence be received by tho 
secretaries, and by Mr. Kiuch, Murkot Place, and that all 
subscribers have a vote at a general meeting. 6. That any 
sums received over and above the annual expenditure, bo 
appropriated to a fund for the purposo of prosecuting 
poachers, or any othor incidental expenses. 6. That an an- 
nual meeting of the subscribers be held tho first week iu 
February iu each year, to settle the general business of tho 
society. 7. That the minimal subscriptions bo collected 
between Midsummer and Michaohnas, und any subscriber 
not giving notice to t lie secretary of discontinuing his 
subscription three montliB previous, bo considered a sub- 
scriber for the year ensuing. 8. That any threo members 
of the committoc be a quorum. 
Large Pike taken prom the Isia. — During last 
week several large pike were caught In tho Isis, in water be- 
longing to Mr. Lipscombc, of Godstow, near Oxford. Ono, 
caught in a hoop net on tho morning of Friday, May 6th, 
was of the enormous weight of 26 lbs. — a fine male fish, 
measuring 46 inches in length. Another, weighing 12 lbs., 
was caught tho same uftcruoon within a short distance, by u 
young farmer residing in the neighbourhood, with spinning 
tackle ; and a smaller ono, weighing 7 lbs., was captured on 
the previous Wednesday, by a member of tho University of 
Oxford, while trolling, and after affording cousldorablo 
sport. 
May Fly. — Sir, — The May fly made its first appcuraucoat 
West Drayton on Saturday, the 6th lost. The fish seemed 
mad alter them. If this fine weather holds, no doubt this 
will be the best season for some time pust. Yours, See., G. 
HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE, 1834. 
U0lt!r. evkn. I lions. *VKN 
n. w. ii. v. ». h. n m. 
May 13, Saturday Ill 9.33 May 17. Wednesday. . . 8. 0 8.37 
14, Sunday 3.83 3.1fl i „ IS, Thursday 0. 0 n.M 
„ 13, Monday 3.3U 3.38 10, Friday < 8 *4 
IU, Tuesday 4.21 4.43 „ 2o, Saturday 8.91 0. 
ro usd Htoii Watmi at the subjoined places, take tho above tlms at London 
Bridge, and add or subtract tho time in the following Table. 
gmiTRACT rHOM LONDON IIRIDOt. 
ADD TO LONDOR DOIDOE. 
II. M | 
Brighton.... 3 u| 
Boulogne 9 41 
Calais 2 10 
Chester Bar.. 3 37 | 
Cowes 3 32 1 * * * 5 * 7 * * 10 
DubUn 2 53 
Dover Pier.. 2 67 
Dunnosc — 4 22 
Gravesend... u 37 
Greenock. .... 2 22 
Greenwich .. 0 20 
Havre 4 IS 
ii. w. 1 1 
Harwioh 2 37 1 
Ipswich 2 7 
Lowestoft 3 37 1 
Margate 2 2 
Needles 4 92 
Nore 0 68 
Ostend 1 IS 
Portsmouth .. 2 27 
Ramsgate 2 47 
Shoreham — 2 82 
I Southampton 2 27 1 
I Spitbead. 4 37; 
Amsterdam.... 0 83 
Antwerp 9 IS 
Brest 1 30 
Bridport 3 83 
Cherbourg .... 6 23 
.Cardigan. 4 83 
Cork 2 93 
Downs 3 38 
Exmoutb 4 18 
IFowey 3 93 
Guernsey 4 23 
Hamburgh.... 3 83, 
U. X. 
Humber, mtli. 
of 3 23 
Land's End... 2 23 
Lelih 0 13 
MllfordHavtnS 33 
Plymouth .... 3 28 
Rotterdam.... 0 83 
Torbay 3 88 
Weymouth — 4 23 
Whitby 1 38 
Wlibeaeh 8 23 
Youghal 9 83 
LAST DAYS OK ENTRY. 
May 2'J, Monday At the Royal Mori C n 1 ^ I “?“ 7 8C ’ ° P 
C o clock p.ni., for the Match of June 7. 
June 22, Thursday ..At the Bedford Covmt-g«de^ up to 
10 o clock p.m., for tho R.T.Y C- Matcii ot 
July '5. 
CLUB MEETINGS, 1864. 
15, Monday ....Monthly Meeting of the Royal London Yacht 
Club. 
17, Wednesday. .Monthly Meeting of the Liverpool! acht Club, 
ut the Birkenhead Hotel. 
19, Friday Conversazione of the P.W.Y. Club- 
'll, Wednesday. .(Queen's Birthday; Annual Meeting of ’theRoyR 
Victoria Yacht Club, at the Thatched House 
Tavern, St. Jornes’s-sireet 
5 2, Friday Monthly Meeting of tho Prince of Walea Yacht 
3, Saturday ....Monthly Meeting of tho Royal Harwich lacht 
5, Monday ....MonSly Meeting of the Medway , 
0, WhiUTucsday, Meeting of tho London Model Yacht Club, at 
Ditto Meetlng U of 0n theR^yal Western Yacht Club, 
D,U0 I'lymouth, to fix tho day for tho Annual 
7, Wednesday.. Mon [i| l |y a Mwtlng of the Royal Thames Yacht 
Club. 
M Wednesday.. Mooting of tho Liverpool Yacht Club. 
7 Friday . ... Monthly Meeting of tho Prince of \\ ak* luvjit 
" “ ’ Club, at the Freemasons' luvern. 
19. Wednesday . .Meeting of the Liverpool Yacht Ojub. 
10 Wednewlay. .Meeting of the Liverpool Yacht Clu • 
', 30’ Wednesday.. Mooting of tho Llvorpoil Yaoht Qlqh, 
