10 
KENDALL: NEW ENGLAND CHARES. 
Deep water in New England is affected undoubtedly on account of its coolness, as in the far 
north the fish are found not only in shallow lakes but in streams. The saibling of the far north 
and as far south as southern Labrador, the Quebec side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and New- 
foundland, in common with the “brook trout,” has sea-run forms, as have the saiblings {S. 
bairdii and S. malma) of the Pacific. In fact, in those regions they are best known as “sea 
trout.” 
That the “sea-running” habit is not possessed by the more southern forms is easily ac- 
counted for by the remoteness of their habitats from the sea and the obstructions in the water- 
ways. 
The food of the different forms varies according to locality and size of the fish. In localities 
where fish are suited to their maw and taste such fish form their principal sustenance. They 
feed to some extent upon insects, especially the larval or aquatic forms. 
The breeding habits also vary, as they do in the European saibling. Some forms ascend 
streams in the fall to spawn, others spawn upon shoals in the lakes. 
THE NEW ENGLAND CHARRS. 
As has already been mentioned, the species of charrs are difficult to distinguish, but in the 
dim light of present knowledge it seems best to recognize those differences, however slight, if 
they appear constant, as of specific value, and await future light to establish its correctness. 
Adopting this view there are then, at present, five known species of charr in New England 
waters: Salvelinus namaycush, S. fontinalis, S. agassizii, S. oquassa, and S. aureolus. Of 
these, the first one is structurally and in other ways somewhat farther removed from the rest 
than the latter are from one another. 
As indicated in the synonymy. Gill and Jordan distinguish the Great Lakes Trout from the 
Salvelini by the form of the vomer and situation of the vomerine teeth, — “a raised crest behind 
the head of the vomer and free from its shaft, armed with teeth.” This form of vomer is not 
peculiar to the take trout, but occurs not infrequently in other charrs, at least in the alpinoid 
group. The present writer has compared vomers of S. stagnalis and S. aureolus as well as S. 
fontinalis with typical “ cristivomer ” from the Lake Trout. Compared withS. fontinalis, the 
difference might be recognized, but Arctic and Labrador charrs show all sorts of forms passing 
from those characteristic of S. fontinalis to the form with the crest prolonged behind and fur- 
nished with teeth. A specimen from Labrador and a specimen from Flood’s Pond, Maine, show 
each absolutely and exactly the formation of the lake-trout vomer, and the crest of each of the 
three was attached to the bottom of the boat-shaped shaft by a thin bony septum. While 
the genus cannot be distinguished by the character of the vomer, the fish presents characters 
