ON THE STRENGTH OF PILLARS. 
453 
Dantzic Oak. 
Table XIII. — Square Pillars of Dantzic Oak, from a very good plank, which had 
been cut up about nine months. 
Description of Pillar. 
Length 
of pillar. 
Weight 
of pillar. 
Deflection. 
Breaking 
weight. 
5 & 
Remarks. 
Uniform pillar rounded at the ends') 
that the force might pass through !• 
the axis. Plate XV. No. 3, A. ...J 
Uniform pillar rounded at the ends 1 
that the force might pass through > 
the axis J 
inches. 
60-5 
60-5 
inch, 
1-75 
1*75 
lbs. oz. 
inch. 
•09 
•17 
■13 
lbs. 
2237 
3197 
2141 
lbs. 
3645 
2749 
lbs. 
3197 
Broke anglewise; it was slightly flat- 
tened at the ends hy the pressure. 
This was capped at the ends with iron to 
prevent them being crushed with the 
pressure. It bent and broke diagonally. 
Uniform pillar, one end rounded and 1 
the other flat. Plate XV. No. 3, D. J 
Uniform pillar, one end rounded and \ 
the other flat J 
60-5 
1-75 
60-5 
1-75 
•09 
•11 
•13 
■16 
•20 
•27 
•48 
•06 
•08 
•11 
•15 
•17 
•19 
•23 
•32 
2141 
3197 
3645 
4541 
5437 
6333 
7229 
1070 
1598 
2270 
2718 
3166 
3614 
4093 
4541 
7229 
4989 
6109 
The rounded end was much crushed. 
In this pillar the rounded end was capped 
with iron to prevent the end being 
crushed. 
Uniform pillar, both ends flat. Plate 1 
XV. No. 3, E / 
Uniform pillar, both ends flat. Plate 1 
XV. No. 3, E | 
Uniform pillar, both ends flat. Plate 1 
XV. No. 3, E / 
Uniform pillar, both ends flat. Plate 1 
XV. No. 3, E / 
60-5 
60-5 
60-5 
60-5 
1-75 
1-75 
1-75 
1-75 
4 101 
•02 
•04 
•14 
•05 
•09 
•11 
•03 
direction 
altered. 
•02 
•04 
•07 
•14 
3355 
4795 
9499 
3211 
5467 
6139 
1070 
3390 
4459 
6811 
8155 
8827 
10171 
11179 
8323 
8827 
9625 
It was crushed at the end diagonally 
through the centre, and sunk down by 
flexure. No. 3, F. 
This sunk by bending in the middle as 
usual ; a portion of both ends was 
cracked. 
With 8323 lbs. it sunk down by bending, 
and when unloaded had taken a per- 
manent set of -52 inch. 
This deflection was taken along the side, 
but it sunk down diagonally, one end 
was slightly crushed. 
Most of these pillars changed the direc- 
tion of flexure as they became loaded. 
Uniform pillar, flat at the ends, andl 
well-bedded j 
Uniform pillar, flat at the ends, andl 
well-bedded j 
Uniform pillar, flat at the ends, and 1 
well-bedded J 
Uniform piliar, flat at the ends 
Uniform pillar, flat at the ends 
Uniform pillar, flat at the ends 
Uniform pillar, flat at the ends 
Uniform pillar, flat at the ends 
Uniform pillar, flat at the ends 
29-75 
1-75 
2 7\ 
13083 
It was crushed at the ends with the press- 
ure, which caused it to break with a 
less weight than otherwise. 
30-25 
1-75 
14305 
With less weight than this, no cracking 
at the ends took place ; but with this, 
it wrinkled at the ends, bent and sunk 
down. 
48 
1-75 
9229 
It was slightly bent before the weight 
was laid on ; no cracking at the ends 
perceived before fracture by bending. 
46-1 
46-1 
46-1 
1-02 
102 
1-02 
1 21 
1791 
1791 
1679 
1754 
These generally bent diagonally without 
crushing at the ends. 
46-1 
46-1 
46-1 
1-50 
1-50 
1-50 
2 124 
8069 
8049 
7545 
7888 
In the first and second pillar there was 
no cracking at the ends previous to 
fracture. The last was slightly split 
at one end by drying, and failed there. 
Note . — By breaking weight above, is understood that which overcame the resistance of the pillar, and with 
which it sunk down. 
