OBSERVATIONS UPON FISHES AND FISH-CULTURE. 
55 
In tlie rearing operations in 1889 at Craigs Brook, Me., Mr. Atkins succeeded in 
saving 97 per cent of the fish reserved and the eggs yielded 68 per cent of fish. The 
losses in winter were small. 
Von Behr Trout ( Salmo fario ). 
At Cold Spring Harbor, 1ST. Y., 2^-year-old fish gave an average of 303 eggs each ; 
3£-year-old trout yielded 942 each. After the second year the growth of the brown 
trout is rapid. 
At North ville, Mich., this species endures the climate well, and grows faster than 
the brook trout. Mr. Clark places from 10,000 to 12,000 eggs first upon gravel in a 
space 12 by 15 inches for about 40 days, or until the eye-spots begin to appear, when 
they are transferred to trays for hatching. 
The average number of eggs furnished by 314 females was 520 each. The season 
began October 21, 1889, and closed January 2, 1890. 
Loch Leven Trout ( Salmo levenensis). 
In the season of 1889-90 the loss in hatching Loch Leven trout at North ville, 
Mich., was only about 4 per cent. In attempting to rear fry hatched there from 13,000 
eggs obtained from Germany, in March, 1890, the young, after the absorption of the 
yolk sac, commenced dying from some unknown cause, and 75 per cent were lost. 
The average yield of 357 females was about 800 eggs each. 
Rainbow Trout ( Salmo irideus). 
Mr. Clark reports that Northville, Mich., appears to be an unfavorable locality for 
rainbow trout. Upward of 19,000 yearlings were distributed between September 17, 
1889, and March 10, 1890. The average yield of 123 females in the season of 1890 was 
about 968 eggs. The spawning season began January 4 and closed April 16, 1890. 
Brook Trout ( Salvclinus fontinalis). 
The spawning season of 1889 began at Northville, Mich., October 14, 1889, and 
closed January 6, 1890. 
By the use of gravel boxes the loss in hatching was only 2 per cent. A large 
proportion of the eggs were obtained from fish 18 months old. 
On January 16, 1890, there were received at Neosho, from North ville, 25,000 eggs 
in excellent condition. When the embryo sac was two-thirds absorbed, a white spot 
appeared in the sac and almost exterminated the fry. 
Whitefish ( Coregonus clupeiformis). 
There was an early run of whitefish to the spawning grounds in Lake Erie in 1888, 
but nearly all of the many eggs taken were lost. On Detroit River the penned fish 
did not do well. The warm weather was supposed to be the cause of the want of 
success with the eggs ; the same thing happened at Sandwich, Ontario. The river 
water registered 50°. 
At Alpena, Mich., eggs were collected from December 2, 1889, and the season closed 
at Thompson, December 14, with what is called the late run. On account of the warm 
weather the eggs at Alpena commenced hatching 15 to 20 days earlier than in former 
seasons ; the first fish appeared April 5, and the last May 5, 1890. 
