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BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
(3) While the number of fish of these three species now ascending the streams 
is very few compared with former years, important spawning-beds of the Chinook 
salmon and salmon trout are still found in all these streams, and of the redfish in 
the inlets to Alturas, Bedfish, Pettit, Stanley, and Big Payette lakes. 
Many questions concerning these species, however, are still unsettled, and it 
is important that the investigations be continued. What has already been done is 
valuable chiefly for the reason that we now understand more clearly the nature of 
the problems that require solution and are better able to pursue the investigations in 
such ways as will lead to definite and practical results. 
Among the problems which require further investigation may be mentioned the 
following : 
(1) The migrations of the blueback salmon or redfish should be definitely made 
out. We should be able to settle the question whether the large redfish or the little 
redfish, or both, come up from the sea; and its spawning habits should be more care- 
fully studied. Observations should begin in July at the outlet and inlet of one or 
more of the lakes in which they are found, and should continue until in October. 
Observations should be made on each of the lakes at the head of Salmon Biver, at 
the head of Payette Biver, and on Wallowa Lake, in Oregon. In addition to these 
localities, investigations should be made to determine the location of other spawning- 
beds in Washington and elsewhere in the Columbia Basin. This would include Lake 
Washington and the lakes on the Upper Columbia and the Okanagan rivers. The 
spawning-beds at present known do not account for the immense annual catch of 
blueback salmon in the lower Columbia; there must be other important spawning- 
grounds of this species in the Columbia Basin. 
(2) The chinook salmon and the steelhead should be studied through at least one 
entire spawning season at their spawning-beds in Idaho, and the relation of tempera- 
ture of water to time of spawning should be made out. 
As to the artificial hatching of redfish, I have no doubt it could be carried on 
very successfully and profitably either at Big Payette Lake or Alturas Lake. The 
number of spawning redfish that could be obtained at either of these places would 
supply eggs sufficient for considerable fish-cultural operations; and the number of 
chinook salmon eggs that could be gotten in the same waters would still further 
increase the value of these places as desirable hatchery-sites. The distance from 
railroads is the only difficulty. A temporary station, however, could be established 
and conducted profitably at either of these places. 
For the hatchery of chinook salmon the vicinity of Upper or Lower Salmon Falls 
offers many advantages. Near Lower Salmon Falls an abundant gravity supply of 
water can be obtained from the river or from creeks and springs, as may be desired. 
At the Upper Falls, or at Millet Island, an abundance of what 1 suppose would be 
excellent water can be obtained by gravity from the river or from springs, or both. 
The distance from Bliss, the nearest railroad station, would be 5 to 10 miles over a 
fairly good road. 
The supply of salmon eggs that could be obtained here would be sufficient to 
guarantee a fair output for the station. Additional supplies of eggs could be obtained 
at Weiser and other points between Huntington and Glenn Ferry. At O’Brien’s 
fishery, near Weiser, the salmon could be held in a pond until ripe. 
