NOTES ON FISH-CULTURE IN GERMANY. 
317 
NOTES BY S. JAFFE ON THE REARING OF YEARLING TROUT AT SANDFORT. 1 
Repeated inquiries as to tlie manner in which yearling trout are raised at Sandfort 
have induced me to give a brief sketch of our local experiences and manipulations. 
The results regularly obtained here (and which can be obtained in other places by 
similar methods, perhaps slightly modified to suit local conditions) presupposes a large 
and regular business, with the fundamental conditions of a regular supply of suitable 
water and ample opportunities for obtaining fresh food. The establishment must, 
moreover, have one suitable person devote himself entirely to the propagation of the 
young fish. It is also important, according to the Sandfort method, to know from 
what trout eggs the young fry are hatched. Fry whose progenitors were accustomed 
to artificial food are more easily and safely raised and (I here refer to the different 
varieties of the fario) the result will be all the better the further back the pedigree 
of the tame generation goes. These experiences agree with those of English and 
American establishments, like the other experience, that the fish if possible shall leave 
the egg in the water in which it is to live during its helpless period, which extends 
into the summer. 
The manipulations employed in raising fario and the American varieties of the 
trout are nearly the same in the Sandfort establishment. Eggs of both kinds are 
hatched in thin layers in wooden troughs about 4 meters (13.1 feet) long, which, on 
the inside, are charred to the depth of 1 centimeter (0.39 inch). The breadth in the 
clear is 22 centimeters (8.65 inches); height, the same; the depth of water is 6 to 8 
centimeters (2.4 to 3.15 inches). The young fry, immediately after they have left the 
eggs, are placed in freshly cleaned hatching- troughs (about 15,000 in a box), which at 
the end have oblique sieves of perforated sheet-zinc (perforation No. 9). The fry are 
not counted (the eggs are counted immediately before hatching), as the least touch will 
affect the mucous skin of the young fish and lay the foundation for fungous develop- 
ment. Healthy young fish will, wherever unfiltered brook water is used, entirely 
clean the bottom of the box, and until the loss of the umbilical bag little remains to 
be done except an occasional cleaning of the sieves. During this period the youug 
fish lie densely packed close to the inlet on a space extending hardly 0.25 meter (10 
inches) in length ; and toward the end of the umbilical period the current of water 
passing through the box — which hitherto has been about 20 liters (5.3 gallons) per 
minute and per box — is strengthened and the solid lids of the box are replaced by lids 
made of fine wire work. From the very beginning of the feeding period a strong light 
is good for the young fish. 
As soon as the young fish begin to look around for food it should be given them. 
The food consists of fresh hog-liver (that over a day old is dangerous), which is put 
through a small meat-chopper and then, with a knife, forced through a finely per- 
forated piece of sheet zinc (perforation No. 4, pin size) and afterwards mixed with a 
raw egg, in the proportion of two eggs to one hog’s liver. During the first time, one 
hog’s liver and the attention of one person are sufficient for daily serving four boxes, 
each containing about 15,000 young fish. 
1 Die Aufzucht von Jahrfingen in Sandfort. Von S. Jafi'6. From Allgemeine Fischerei-Zeitung, 
No. 9,1895. H. Jacobson, translator. 
