380 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
contributed by the writer to the issue of Science for August 18, 1893, in which the 
following paragraph appears: 
Of scarcely less consequence than the actual results of shad introduction on the west coast 
is the important hearing which the success of the experiment must have in determining the outcome 
of artificial propagation in regions in which it is not possible to distinguish with satisfactory 
accuracy the natural from the artificial conditions. If these far-reaching, and no doubt permanent, 
results attend the planting, on few occasions, of small numbers of fry in waters to which the fish are 
not indigenous, is it not permissible to assume that much more striking consequences must follow the 
planting of enormous quantities of fry, year after year, in native waters'? There is no reasonable 
doubt that the perpetuation of the extensive shad fisheries iu most of the rivers of the Atlantic 
Coast has been accomplished entirely by artificial propagation. On no other supposition can the 
maintenance and increase of the supply be accounted for. 
The zealous efforts of the fish commissioners of California to increase the quantity 
and variety of food and game fishes of the State deserve special recognition. For 
more than twenty-five years the energies of the commission have been almost 
constantly directed to the acclimatization of desirable fishes inhabiting the waters of 
the Eastern States. Their remarkable success when acting on their own behalf and 
in conjunction Avitli the New York Fish Commission and the United States Fish Com- 
mission entitles them to the great credit and praise which they have received both 
from the inhabitants of California and from the people of other States and foreign 
countries. The other States of this section have also exhibited great interest in the 
improvement of their fish supply through the acclimatization of eastern species. 
Mention should be made of the efficient services rendered to fish-culture by Mr. 
Livingston Stone in successfully taking fishes across the continent at a time when fish 
transportation was an undeveloped art and when the difficulties encountered would 
have discouraged one less enthusiastically interested and less competently informed 
on the general subject. To Mr. Stone more than to any other person is the direct 
credit due for the introduction of most of those fishes Avliich have since attained 
economic prominence. 
In this report I have considered all those species not already indigenous which 
have been introduced, or the introduction of which has been attempted, in California, 
Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Nevada. Idaho has been included in the dis- 
cussions because all its water-courses are practically tributaries of the Columbia 
River, and fish planted in that stream might find their way into the State, while 
plants in the open waters of Idaho might produce results iu Oregon and Washington. 
The proximity to California of the Nevada lakes and rivers in which new fishes have 
been planted, and the similarity of the fishery interests of the contiguous parts of 
the two States, have appeared to warrant the inclusion of Nevada in the list. In 
the case of a few species having special interest, reference to their acclimatization in 
Utah has been made. 
An interesting chapter might be prepared treating of the experimental intro- 
duction of native western fishes into new waters of the region — as, for instance, the 
acclimatization of the chinook salmon and rainbow trout in landlocked Nevada waters 
and the successful transplanting of the Sacramento perch (Archoplites interruptus ) in 
Nevada — but this subject is foreign to the scope of the present paper. 
It is intended in this paper to recount the history of the introduction of each 
aquatic species; to record the general results of the experiments; to state what is 
known of the habits of the animals m their new environment; and to give an account 
