- 18 - 
(c) Sheep. Cattle, Goats. Horses, and Pigs - Chi or lane appeared from 
two to four times more toxic than DDT to sheep in acute toxicity. Sheep 
grazed on pastures sprayed with technical chlordane at rates up to 4 
pounds per acre showed no apparent ill effects. — Hinnan and Cowan ( 21 3 ) . 
At Bozeman, Montana, the maximum safe, single dose of chlordane for 
sheep appeared to "be considerably less than 0.5 g. per leg., and for cattle 
no toxic effect was produced "by 0.05 g« per ^£« The effects of daily 
dosages of chlordane administered in capsules for 60 days were: a capsule 
of 4.5 grame of a mixture of chlordane and xylene (3«5 grans chlordane) 
was extremely toxic and half this dosage proved about as toxic. A dose 
of 1 gram of chlordane-xylene mixture (0.?7 grams chlordane) was con- 
tinued to the end of the experiment producing only mild symptoms. Sheep 
dosed with capsules containing 2 grams of xylene alone gave no reaction, 
indicating that the chlordane was the toxic agent. Six sheep grazed for 
21 days immediately following spraying of 1 pound and 4 pounds chlordane 
per acre showed no indication of toxic effect. — Welch ( 491 ) . 
Wet table powders containing less than 1 percent of chlordane had no 
ill effects on cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, and horses. — Laake (230) . 
In toxicological experiments with chlordane at Kerrville, Texas, 
dipping goats or sheep with chlordane wettable powder or emulsion did not 
cause symptoms of poisoning until after six to eight dippings in 1.5-per- 
cent chlordane at 4— day intervals. Marked symptoms of poisoning developed 
in all animals after the last dipping and fatal results ensued. Cattle 
likewise failed to show toxic symptoms until after four sprayings at in- 
tervals of 2 weeks with 2 percent chlordane wettable powder suspension 
when severe symptoms occurred followed by death. The dip and spray 
liquids were six and eight times the recommended strength, respectively, 
and the frequency of application was much greater than in actual field 
practices. Acute poisoning is characterized by sudden onset, with bleat- 
ing, groaning, grinding the teeth, blindness, violent struggling, and 
bluish discoloring of the skin before death. In subacute and chronic 
poisoning the onset is gradual with partial to complete blindness and 
locomotor ataxia, circling, staggering, avoiding imaginery objects, and 
periodic convulsions. Post mortem findings consist of petechiae and 
larger hemorrhages under the serosa of the large and small intestines and 
the epicardium, fatty changes of the liver, and congestion of the brain. — 
Hadeleff Q8l). Bushland et al . (38) U. S. Bur. Animal Ind. (464). 
U. S. Bur. Ent. and Plant Q,uar . (4&3). 
(d) Man - Undiluted "Velsicol 1068" caused mild irritation of human 
skin, under the conditions represented by conventional 43-hour patch 
tests upon 58 subjects. When diluted in mineral oil and employed in 48- 
hour patch tests in a 1 percent (by volume) solution, "Velsicol 1068° 
caused no irritant effect. — Goldman ( l80 ) . 
Chlordane applied to the skin causes moderate irritation; the 
(quantity considered dangerous upon skin application in solution is for 
single exposure 1880 mg./kg. and for multiple exposure 40 mg./kg. The 
The quantities dangerous to man are: for sinrle exposure 113 grams and 
