sidian or flint. According to Culin the 
stone knife is used among the Pueblos as 
a symbol of divinity, especially of the 
war gods, and is widely used in a healing 
ceremony called the 
Woman’s Slate Knife (1-4) ; 
(.Murdoch) 
‘knife ceremony.” 
Differentiation of 
use combined 
with differences 
in material to give 
variety to the 
blade and its haft- 
ing; the so-called 
ulu, or woman’s 
knife of the Eski- 
mo, employed in 
various culinary 
arts, differs from 
the man’s knife, which is used in carving 
wood and for various other purposes 
(Mason ) ; and the bone snow knife of the 
Arctic regions is a species by itself (Nel- 
son). The copper knife is distinct from 
the stone 
knife, and 
the latter 
takes a mul- 
titude of 
forms, pass- 
i n g fro m 
the normal 
types in one 
direction into the club or mace, in 
another into the scraper, and in another 
into the dagger; and it blends with the 
arrowhead and the spearhead so fully 
that no definite line can be drawn lie- 
tween them save when the complete 
Iron Knife with Wooden handle (1-6); 
Makah 
Knife of Nephrite (i-b) ; 
Eskimo, (nelson) 
Knife wit-h Bone Han- 
dle; California, 
(smith) 
haft is in evidence. The flaked knife 
blade of flint is straight like a spearhead 
or is curved like a hook or sickle, and it 
is frequently beveled on one or both 
edges. The ceremonial knife is often 
of large size and great beauty. Certain 
Tennessee flint blades, believed to ’ 
this class, though very slender, mea 
upward of 2 ft in length, while 
beautiful red and black obsidian bla 
of California are hardly less notewort 
Speaking of the latter, Powers says: 
have seen several which were 15 
CEREMONIAL KNIFE, LENGTH 24 1-2 IN. ; KWAKIUTL. (bo/ 
or more in length and about 2J in. w. 
in the widest part. Pieces as large 
these are carried lifted in the hands 
the dance, wrapped with skin or cloth 
vii, 688, 1905; Thruston, Antiq. of Tenn., 
1897; Wilson in Pep. Nat. Mus. 1897, 
1899. (w. h. n.) 
Knots. The Indians, and especially 
the Eskimo, whose difficulties with un- 
fastening lines in a frozen area made them 
ingenious, tied for various purposes many 
