44 
FIFTH REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
Fig. 10 is taken from my annual report as United States Eutoinolo^ist 
for 188C. It represents a spraying outfit in operation against the Fluted 
scale (Icerija purchaM), and indicates sufficiently well the use of tbe lad- 
der just referred to, and also of tbe extension poles. 
In Garden and Forest for June 19, 1889, Prof. J. B. Smith, entomol- 
ogist of the New Jersey experimental station, reports the successful 
spraying of elm trees in the Rutgers College campus, some of which 
were over 50 feet high. A Seneca Falls force-pump, provided with 
some 50 feet of hose, was used. By removing the spraying attachment 
from the nozzle — a large-size Nixon — the liquid could be thrown in a 
small stream to a distance of 20 feet. A light ladder gave access to 
the center of the tree, from which point the extreme tips of the 
branches could be reached. 
Nozzles. — In any device for applying liquid insecticides the nozzle is 
of prime importance, for on its efficiency will depend in large degree 
the success or failure of the work. The desiderata in a spray nozzle, 
as I have elsewhere stated, are "ready regulation of the volume to be 
thrown ; greatest atomizing power with least tendency to clog ; facility 
of cleansing, or ready separation of its component parts; cheapness ; 
simplicity and adjustability to any angle." 
Without attempting a general discussion of the merits of different 
classes of nozzles, I shall content myself with a brief reference to a few 
styles, which, to a greater or less degree, answer the conditions just 
enumerated and which have stood the test of practical work. 
The Riley or cyclone Nozzle. — This nozzle is now so widely known as 
hardly to require description. As there have been some erroneous state- 
ments as to its Invention, I may take occasion here to reiterate what was 
recorded in the fourth report of the commission, viz: that it was a devel- 
opment and outgrowth of my work on the Cotton Worm, the first sug- 
gestion of the principle being my own and its development resulting 
Fk;. IL— The Riley or cyclone Nozzle. 
from two years' experimentation under my direction and chiefly through 
the assistance of the late Dr. W. S. Barnard. u Its principal feature con- 
sists in the inlet through which the liquid is forced being bored tangeu- 
tially through its wall, so as to cause a rapid whirling or centrifugal 
