THE OAK-PRUNER. 
83 
The callosities on the segments, as figured in the cut, are prominent, more or less 
rounded tubercles with the surface divided irregularly by impressed lines. 
Length, 35 mm ; width of prothoracic segment, 8 min ; length, 3 mm ; length of a leg 
with terminal claw, 0.4 mm ; length from base of labruni to posterior edge of meta- 
thoracic segment, 5 ,nm ; length of first and second abdominal segment, each, 2 mm ; 
length from base of third abdominal segment to end of body, 28 mm ; width of each of 
segments 2 to 6, 6 mm ; the seventh and eighth segments are slightly wider. 
Found in an oak log at Providence, R. I., May 20, 1881. 
Compare also pi. xvii, Fig. 2; xix, Fig. 2; xx, Fig. 3. 
AFFECTING THE LIMBS AND TWIGS. 
28. The oak pruner. - . 
Elaphidion villosum (Fabr.). 
Order Coleoptera; Family Cerambycid^e. 
Cutting on the branches of the white and black oak, which fall late in summer to 
the ground, containing the larva, which becomes a beetle in the next midsummer 
and lays its eggs near the axilla of a leaf stalk or small stem. 
In walking under oak trees in the autumn oue's attention is often di- 
rected to the large number of oak limbs and twigs lying on the ground. 
Upon examination they will be found to have been partially gnawed off 
b 
Fig. 31.— Oak pruner: a, larva; 6, side view of the same; c, pupa. — From Packard. 
by worms, the wind having further broken them off. This is the work 
of the grub of the oak pruner. The insect's purpose in cutting off the 
limb, whether conscious or not of any design in the matter, is probably, as 
Peck first suggested, to afford the insect a sufficiently moist retreat to 
live in during the winter. He supposed that the limb thus wounded 
wculd become too dry for the maintenance of the soft-bodied larva, 
hence it must be felled to the ground, where in the wet and under the 
