9G FIFTH REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
On the 15th of July, 1 cutoff some apple, pear, and chestnut twigs containing eggs, 
and stuck the cuds into a buttle containing water, and set it in a broad, shallow dish 
also filled with water, the whole remaining out of doors exposed to the weather, what- 
ever it might be. The young continued to drop out on the water in the dish for a full 
week, after the date above mentioned. I could breed no Cicadas from branches that 
were dead and on which the leaves were withered, nor from those that from any oanse 
had fallen to the ground, and this was also the case with Mr. Vincent Bernard, of 
Kennet Square, Chester County, Pa. After the precise time was known, fresh branches 
were obtained, and then the young Cicadas were seen coming forth in great numbers 
by half a dozen observers in this county. As the fruitful eggs were at least a third 
larger that) they were when first deposited, I infer that they require the moisture con- 
tained in living wood to preserve their vitality. When the proper time arrives and 
the proper conditions are preserved, they are easily bred, and indeed I have seen them 
evolve on the palm of my hand. The eyes of the young Cicadas are seen through the 
egg-skin before it is broken." 
Mr. Riley, in an interesting account of this Cicada in his First Annual Report on 
Noxious, Beneficial, and Other Insects of Missouri for 1869, has shown that in the 
Southern States thirteen-year broods of this insect are found. He remarks : " It was 
my good fortune to observe that besides the seventeen-year broods, the appearance of 
one of which was recorded as long ago as 1633, there are also thirteen-year broods, 
and that, though both sometimes occur in the same States, yet, in general terms, the 
seventeen-year broods may be said to belong to the Northern and the thirteen year 
broods to the Southern States, the dividiug line beiug about latitude 38°, though in 
some places the seventeen-year brood extends below this line, while in Illinois the 
thirteen-year brood runs up considerably beyond it. It was also exceedingly grati- 
fying to find, four months after I had published this fact, that the same discovery 
had been made years before by Dr. Smith, though it had never been given to the 
world." 
Mr. Riley predicts that in southern New England a brood will appear in 1877 and 
1885. Probably the Plymouth brood, which appeared in 1872, will not appear again 
for seventeen years, namely, in 1889, the two broods noticed by Riley appearing west 
of this town. As regards its appearance in Plymouth, Mass., Harris states that it 
appeared there in 1633. The next date given is 1804, " but, if the exact period of 
seventeen years had been observed, they should have returned in 1803." 
Mr. B. M. Watson informs me, from his personal observation, that it also appeared 
in 1838, 1855, and 1872. In Sandwich it appeared in 1787, 1804, and 1821. In Fall 
River it appeared in 1834, in Hadley in 1818, in Bristol County in 1784, so that, as re- 
marked by Harris and others, it appears at different years in places not far from each 
other. Thus, while in Plymouth and Sandwich we may look for its re-appearance 
in 1839, in Fall River it will come in 1885, or four years earlier. 
There are three species of Cicada in the Northern States, and, in order that they 
may not be confounded in studying the times of appearance of the different broods of 
the seventeen-year species, I add a short description of each form, so that they may 
be readily recognized in the winged and immature states. 
The two larger species are the seventeen-year locust (Cicada septendecim) and the 
dog-day cicada (C. pruinosa). Fig. 36, copied from Riley's report, gives a good idea 
of the former species: a represents the pupa, b the same after the adult has escaped 
through the rent in the back, c the winged fly, d the holes in which the eggs, e, are in- 
serted. Fig. 36, / represents the larva as soon as hatched. The adult may be known 
by its rather narrow head, the black body, and bright red veins of the wings. The 
wings expand from two and a half to three and a quarter inches. 
The pupa is long aud narrow, and compared with that of C. pruinosa the head is 
longer and narrower, the antennie considerably longer, the separate joints being 
longer than those of the dog-day locust. The auterior thighs (femora) are very large 
and swolleu, smaller than in C. pruinosa, though not quite so thick, with the basal 
