INSECTS INJURING OAK-LEAVES. 153 
tarded in its appearaDce by a change to a cooler climate. Unfortunately I did not 
make a description of the larva. 
The moth seems to represent a southern or local variety of this species. It differs 
from several specimens of E. albifrons slightly but distinctly; it is smaller and the 
white costal band is a Little shorter and broader; inside of the discal spot it is not 
oblique, but straight, and the tooth bounding the outer, costal side of the discal 
spot is larger, rounder, and fuller, less conical than in E. albifrons. The submarginal 
scallops are less curved, and the space in front of the discal spot is filled in more 
densely with reddish brown. Expanse of wings. 35 mm . 
The pupa differs in the cremaster being consolidated, not forked, and the setse are 
well developed. Length, 18 mm . In a Providence pupa, however, the cremaster is 
partly consolidated, only forked at the end, and the six setse are well developed. 
The following notes on the early stages of the caterpillar are from 
Professor Riley's notes : 
When young the larvae feed in a phalanx, as it were, lying parallel on the leaf 
and as close together as they can. 
Found at Woodstock, September 19, 1867, on the burr oak (Q. macrocarpa) some 
full grown and others just undergoing the third molt. When full grown, 1.45 inch 
in length, the body being larger on the abdominal than thoracic segments. Ground 
color white with a very slight corneous tint, which with the highly polished surface 
gives it the appearance of delicate porcelain. A subdorsal and stigmatal chrome- 
yellow band on each about .03 diameter. The subdorsal lines are not only thicker but 
wider apart on the abdominal than the thoracic segments, and between them, i. e. f 
along dorsum, are five polished black longitudinal lines, interrupted, however, at the 
sutures and merging into but three on the anterior five segments. Between the two 
yellow bands laterally are three other finer polished black lines and below the stig- 
matal yellow band several other longitudinal black marks, and one each side of venter. 
Stigmata in the yellow band, but being concolorous with it are scarcely noticed. 
Venter of the same dull shiny white as the ground color, but a little more glaucous. 
Legs and prologs immaculate and also of the same color, the abdominals being large 
and swollen above, while the anal legs are small. Head larger than segment one, 
free, perpendicular, immaculate, glassy, and of a mixture of coral and yellow. 
Distinguishing feature. — Segment eleven with a transverse ridge above, of the 
ground color with a band of the same color as the head, with a slight corneous mixt- 
ure running transversely along its middle. 
Before the last moult it has lost the polished appearance ; the abdominal segments 
are not noticeably larger than the thoracic ; the ground color is pure white, while 
dorsal and stigmatal bands are sulphur-yellow, and the ridge on segment eleven is 
more elevated dorsally and entirely corneous. 
Entered the ground during the latter part of September and transformed to chrys- 
alids, appearing as moths the following April. 
211. Nadata gibbosa Walker. 
(Larva, Plate xi, Fig. 6.) 
The caterpillar is not uncommonly found on the oak. By the mid- 
dle or last of September, in New England (Maine and Rhode Island), 
it begins to pupate, not spinning a cocoon, and probably entering the 
ground before assuming the chrysalis state. In Providence it occurred 
on the white, in Maine on the red oak. In Georgia, according to Smith 
and Abbot, it " feeds on the chestnut oak, and other oaks. It went into 
the ground October 10 and came out March 15. Another went in June 
