INSECTS INJURING OAK-LEAVES. 165 
After third molt. — The two dorsal rows of spines on joints 3 to 10, and the mesial one 
on joint 11, are reduced to subcorneal tubercles or warts, fascicled with short, stout, 
simple spines of a pale fulvous color, tipped with black ; those on joints 1 and 2 re- 
main much as before, but there is generally a fascicle of similarly fulvous spines at 
the base of the latter. The other spines are somewhat stouter, with the blunt tips 
from which the bristles spring more or less white. Characters of mature larva more 
patent. 
After fourth molt. — The granulations assume the form of whitish transverse-oval 
papillae, each emitting from the center a minute dark bristle. These papillae are 
mostly confluent around the stigmata, and, together with some irregular, pale yel- 
low markings, produce a broad and pale stigmatal stripe. They are most sparse 
along the subdorsal region, just above stigmata, where, in consequence, the body 
appears darkest. 
Mature larva.— Average length, nearly 2 inches ; color, brown-black ; head, cervical 
shield, anal plate, and legs polished chestnut-brown, the prolegs lighter, and inclin- 
ing to Venetian-red, with hooks more dusky and the true legs darker, inclining to 
black at tips. The dorsal fascicled spines, with the exception of a few short black 
ones in the center of each bunch, are pale rust-yellow, translucent, the tips mucronate 
and black ; the other compound spines are black, with the blunt ends more or less 
distinctly white and translucent (but frequently crowned with minute black points, 
as in the first stage), and the sharp-pointed spinules arising from them dusky. They 
are generally enlarged and reddish at base, and an approach to the dorsal fascicles 
is made in the increased number and yellow color of the basal branches, especially 
in the subdorsal rows. Stigmata sunken, pale, elongate-oval; venter yellowish 
along the middle, the legs connected with red, and a reddish spot on the legless joints. 
Pupa.— The larva, to transform, almost always enters the ground, and there, in a 
simple, ovoid cell, the prickly skin is shed, and the pupa state assumed. It is now 
of a deep brown-black color, heavy and rounded anteriorly, minutely shagreened or 
roughened, except at the sutures of legs and wing-sheaths, where it is smooth and 
polished. The margins of the three abdominal sutures next the thorax, and of that 
between the last two stigmata-bearing joints, are more or less crimped or plaited, 
while the three which intervene, and which are the only ones movable, are deep and 
transversely aciculate (as if scratched with the point of a needle) on the hind, and 
longitudinally and minutely striated on the front side. The body ends in a trian- 
gular, flattened, ventrally concave tubercle, tipped with a few curled, blunt, rufous 
bristles. 
Moth. — The wings are so lightly covered with scales that they are semi-transparent 
and look like delicate black crape. The bands across them are cream-white, and 
broadest on the hind wings. The female antennae below, the hair on the thighs, and 
two small tufts behind the thorax, are brick-red, and the male differs from the female 
in having broader, black antennae and a smaller abdomen, tipped with a large tuft 
of brick-red hair. The color is cream- white, and the black hairs of the body more or 
less sprinkled with hairs of the same pale color. 
221. Tolype velleda (Stal). 
The caterpillar of this remarkable moth was found by Abbot in 
Georgia to feed on the willow oak (Quercus phellos) and the persimmon, 
spinning its cocoon August 10, the moth appearing September 22. 
In the northern States, where it has only been observed on the apple 
and would be mistaken for a swelling of the bark, it spins its cocoon 
also early in August, appearing as a moth forty days later. 
Larva. — Body 2| inches long ; much like that of G. americana, the color, however, 
pale sea-green, marked with ash, blended into white, and beneath of a brilliant 
