THE IMPORTED ELM-LEAF BEETLE. 235 
cal, yellowish black, with black spots, and a wide yellow line along the 
back and sides. 
The worm is destructive to the foliage from May until August, skele- 
tonizing the leaves. When fully grown it descends to the ground, and 
changes to a chrysalis, under leaves, etc., near the base of the tree. 
While the beetle, of which there are three to four broods, also injures 
the leaves, it is by no means so destructive as its young : 
Remedies. — Glover suggested the use of oil and tar gutters, and other barriers, sur- 
rounding the base or the body of the tree, devices similar to those used agaiust the 
canker worm and codling moth. He recommended that there be placed around each 
tree small, tight, square boxes or frames a foot or eighteen inches in height, sunk in 
the ground, the earth within the inclosure to be covered with cement, and the top . 
edge of each frame to be covered with broad, projecting pieces of tin, like the eaves 
of a house or the letter T, or painted with some adhesive or repellent substance, as 
tar, etc. The worms, descending the tree, being unable to climb over the inclosure, 
would change into helpless chrysalids within the box, where they could daily be de- 
stroyed by thousands. Those hiding within the crevices of the bark of the trunk 
could easily be syringed from their hiding places. 
" I found that the quickest and most satisfactory way of destroying the insect, which 
has nearly the same habits as the Colorado potato beetle, except that it does not 
propagate in the ground, is to syringe the trees with Paris green and water, though 
London purple may prove just as effectual and cheaper. 
" The syringing can not be done from the ground except on very young trees, though 
a good fountain pump will throw a spray nearly 30 feet high. Larger trees will have 
to be ascended by means of a ladder, and the liquid sprinkled or atomized through 
one of the portable atomizers, like Peck's, which is fastened to the body, and contains 
three gallons of the liquid. 
''The mode of pupation of the insect under the tree, on the surface of the ground, 
beneath whatever shelter it can find, or in the crevices between the earth and the 
trunk, enables us to kill vast numbers of the pupae and transforming larvae by pour- 
ing hot water over them. We found that even Paris green water poured over them 
also killed. If the trees stand on the sidewalks of the streets the larvae will go for 
pupation in the cracks between the bricks or at the base of the tree, where they can 
also be killed in the same way. This mode of destruction is, take it all in all, the 
next most satisfactory one we know of, though it must be frequently repeated.. 
"We have largely experimented with a view of intercepting and destroying the 
larvae in their descent from the tree. Troughs, such as are used for canker-worms, 
tarred paper, felt bands saturated with oil, are all good, and the means of destroying 
large numbers. Care must be taken, however, that the oil does not come in contact 
with the trees, as it will soon kill them, and when felt bandages are used there should 
be a strip of tin or zinc beneath them. The trouble with all these intercepting 
devices, however, is that many larvae let themselves drop down direct from the tree, 
and thus escape destruction." 
The London purple (one-half pound), flour (three quarts), and water (a barrel, forty 
gallons), were mixed as follows : A large galvanized iron funnel, of thirteen quarts 
capacity, and having a cross septum of fine wire gauze, such as is used for sieves, 
also having vertical sides and a rim to keep it from rocking on the barrel, was used. 
About three quarts of cheap flour were placed in the funnel and washed through the 
wire gauze by water poured in. The flour, in passing through, is finely divided, and 
will diffuse in the water without appearing in lumps. The flour is a suitable medium 
to make the poison adhesive. The London purple is then placed upou the gauze and 
washed in by the remainder of the water, until the barrel is filled. Three-eighths of a 
pound of Londou purple to one barrel of water may be taken as a suitable percentage. 
Three-eighths of an ounce may be used as an equivalent in one bucketful of water. 
