INSECTS INJURING CHESTNUT LEAVES. 
343 
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE CHESTNUT. 
(Castanea vesca.) 
AFFECTING THE TRUNK AND LIMBS. 
1. The chestnut tree borer. 
Making a zigzag burrow under the bark, and sometimes descending nearly 2 inches 
towards the heart of the tree where it may spend the winter, a longicorn larva nearly 
three-fourths of an inch long, dirty white, of much the appearance of the hickory or 
locust tree borer, and transforming in its chamber into the beetle state. 
Although the chestnut has been supposed to be remarkably free 
from borers, we have found that in Rhode Island the trunks are quite 
liable to the attacks of a borer, which we have not yet traced to the 
beetle, but which will probably prove to be the species next mentioned 
(Arhopalus fulminans), since this beetle, which is known to inhabit the 
chestnut, is closely allied to the locust borer in its form, while the larva 
is also closely like that of Cyllene picta and the different species of 
€lytm and its aliies. The burrows in outline are flattened, cylindrical, 
being adapted to the broad flattened front part of the body of the larva. 
The burrows begin as small zigzag galleries about a line in width and 
4 inches long, making about three turns at nearly right angles in this 
space ; they are tilled with the castings of the worm ; as the larva grows 
larger it sinks deep in towards the heart of the tree, when the burrow 
in the deepest part becomes packed with large, long, curved chips, 
apparently bitten off by the grub for the purpose of forming a cham- 
ber, the partition of chips possibly serving to keep out the cold during 
its winter's sleep. 
2. The brown chestnut beetle. 
Arhopalus fulminans (Fabricius). 
Order Coleoptera ; family Cerambycid^e. 
Boring into the trunk, a grub like the foregoing, if not the same insect, which 
transforms into a dark-brown beetle with dark-blue reflections, and the wing-covers 
crossed by four zigzag fine gray lines. 
The following notice of this beetle 
is taken from my Second Eeport on 
the Injurious insects of Massachu- 
setts (1872) : 
My attention has been called by Mr. R. B. 
Grover, a student in the State Agricultural 
College, to the fact that the Arhopalus fulmi- 
nans Fabr. (Fig. 129, enlarged twice), one of 
the family of longicorn beetles, bores in the 
trunk. I know nothing further concerning 
its habits nor of the appearance of its grub. 
The beetle itself is blackish brown, with slight 
dark-blue reflections ; the legs and antennae 
are of the same color, the latter being scarcely 
.. , ' _. *, , j Fig. 129.— Chesmut Borer. -From Packard. 
longer than its body. The top of the head 
and the sides of the prothorax and under side of the body are covered with a pale- 
gray pile, while certain silver markings on the wing-covers are composed of similar 
