INSECTS INJURING CHESTNUT LEAVES. 345 
This caterpillar was found by Mr. L. W. Goodell on the chestnut at 
Amherst, Mass., August 20; on the 21st it drew a few leaves together, 
and spun a thin, silky, pear shaped cocoon; became a chrysalis the 
24th, and was transformed to a moth September 13. 
Larva.— Body 2.3 inches long, the hody largest near the tail, and tapering to the 
head ; hluish green, with a thick wrinkle on each ring, those on the fifth and eighth 
thickest and light hrown ; on the back of the eleventh ring two little warts tipped 
with brown. (L. W. Goodell.) 
Pupa. — One and two tenths inches in length, bluish white, ending in a flattened 
tail, tipped with black, and on each edge three small black spines, each ending with 
a minute hook. (Goodell.) 
Moth.— Short bodied, quite hairy ; male antennae heavily pectinated, wings deeply 
scalloped ; delicate ocher-yellow, with a reddish tinge towards the edge of the wings, 
and on the head and front of the thorax. Fore-wings with two lines, often inter- 
rupted, or only developed on the costa ; inner line on the inner third of the wing; 
the curved outer line, beginning near the inner, diverges and follows a sinuate 
course, ending much nearer the apex than the inner line, the distance varying ; both 
wings speckled, sometimes thickly, with unusually large spots ; outer edge of both 
wings deeply excavated, especially opposite the second median venule. Hind wings 
with no lines, only au obscure discal dot. Expanse of wings, 2.2 inches. 
This moth ranges from Maine to Missouri. The larva is also described 
by Mr. S. H. Scudder as living on the black birch. Mrs. Dimmock has 
published the following account of this insect in Psyche, iv, p. 272. 
Eugonia alniaria Linn. (Syst. Nat., 1758, ed. 10, p. 19) [=E. magnaria Guene"e]. 
The eggs of this species are flattened, oblong, l.l mm long, .6 mm wide, and .5 nim 
high. They are of a greenish-brown, somewhat polished bronze color, and when 
laid upon a smooth surface are arranged side by side in a curve having the length of 
the abdomen of the female moth for its radius. When laid upon bark and rough 
surfaces the eggs are in broken, short rows. A single female deposits 500 to 600 eggs. 
Oviposition takes place in September and October, and the eggs hatch in May and 
June, hibernation taking place in the egg state, as is the case with some other species 
of Geometridw. Hellins (Entom. Mo. Mag., March, 1870, vol. vi, p. 222) gives similar 
dates for oviposition and hatching in England. The larva and pupa are described 
by Herr (Anleitung d. Raupen d. deutschen Schmett., 1833, p. 258) who enumerates 
the following food-plants : Betula, Alnus, Corylus avellana, Carpinus, Betulus, Ulmus, 
apple, pear, stone fruit, aud Tilia. Herold (Deutscher Raupenkalender, 1845, p. 135) 
gives Fagus in addition to the above-mentioned trees. Harris (Entom. Corresp., 
1869, p. 320) gives notes on different stages of this species. Kaltenbach (Pflanzen- 
feinde, 1872, pp. 89, 218, and 552) adds Acer, Bosa, and Populus&s food-plants. Lintner 
(Entom. Contrib., No. 3, 1874, p. 165), in a note on Eugonia magnaria gives Syringa 
vulgaris as food-plant. Packard (Mon. Geom. Moths, 1876, p. 530) quotes descriptions 
of larva and pupa by Goodell and by Scudder; the former entomologist gives Casta- 
nea vesca, and the latter Beiula lenta as food-plant. Roiiast (Annales Soc. Linn, de 
Lyon, ann., 1882, [1883], vol. xxix, p. 340) adds Quercus robur to the food-plants. 
Packard (Bull. No. 7, U. S. Entom. Comm., 1881, p. 92) repeats Goodell's description 
of the larva and pupa, adds one of the moth, and further remarks that Scudder's 
description "is so different from Mr. Goodell's that I fear it refers to a different in- 
sect." This is not, however, the case, but the larva is very variable in coloration. 
Worthington (Can. Entom., January, 1878, vol. x, p, 16) writes: "This larva* evi- 
dently changes its color somewhat with different food, as these [larvae] closely 
resemble the bark of this tree [maple]." The general coloration may vary to match 
that of the bark of the tree on whjch the larvae feed, but the head, which is the part 
of the larva that varies most, is slate gray, green, or dull red, in specimens taken 
