378 FIFTH REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL COM If IS 
this insect, there were about twelve " mines " or burrows, of which 
too ran up the trunk. The mines were from 15 to 24 inches long, one 
me asuring 2 feet and 8 inches in length. At the upper end the mines 
are about three-quarters of an inch wide. The mine either finally sinks 
deep in Hie wood or extends all the way under the bark until at the 
extreme end. where it sinks in a little way to form a cell, or chamber, 
for the chrysalis. 
The tree dies slowly, and where the trunk has been mined on one 
side only the tree lives on. though the foliage be much thinner. Trees 
may. as we have observed, live for at least five or six years with a 
number of borers in their trunks. 
Fresh from the observations made on the mode of egg-laying in the 
common pine-borer, I looked, September 12, for the eggs or freshly- 
hatched Larvae of Glycobius speciosu*. and found the latter at once. The 
Bev. Mr. Leonard, of Dublin, HT. H., many years ago. in a letter to Dr. 
Harris, stated that the maple-tree borer, on hatching, remained in the 
bark through the winter. Upon examining a sugar maple about two 
feet in diameter, I found that twenty eggs had been laid in different 
parts of the bark from near the ground to where the branches origi- 
nated, a distance of about 10 feet. The site of oviposition was recog- 
nized by a rusty, irregular discoloration of the bark about the size of a 
cent, and especially by the "frass," or castings, which to the length of 
an inch or more were attached like a broken corkscrew to the bark. 
On cutting into the bark, the recently-hatched larva? (5 to 7 mm in 
length) were found lyiug in their mines, or burrows, at the depth of a 
tenth to a sixth of an inch. 
The burrows already made (Fig. 140) 
were about an inch long, some a little 
longer; the larva usually mines upward. 
Xo eggs were found, but they are laid 
in obscurely marked gashes, about a 
fitth of an inch long, usually near a 
crevice in the bark. 
These gashes and castings are readily 
discoverable, and it would be easy to 
save these valuable shade trees by look- 
ing for them in the autumn and winter 
or early spring, and cutting out the 
worms. The beetles were not uncom- 
mon at Brunswick in July and August 
in 18S4. Of six grubs which I cut out 
over half seemed unhealthy, perhaps 
diseased by the water which had pene- 
trated their mines. 
I have recommended protecting val- 
uable shade trees by wrapping the 
trunks with narrow bauds of cloth well saturated with kerosene oil in 
' 
( r 
Fig. 140.— Mines of recently hatched larvae 
of Glycobius tptciosu*. 
